fastio

Forms

fastio m (plural fastios)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin fastīdium (“loathing of food, squeamishness”).^[2][3][4][1] Houaiss's oldest form, of the 14th century, is Old Galician-Portuguese ffastidio, and Old Galician-Portuguese fastio and Old Galician-Portuguese fastyo follow in the 15th.^[2]

The same Latin word is Spanish hastío, Old Catalan fastig and Old Occitan fasti.^[5][6] Spanish also has the learned fastidio, recorded from 1251.^[7]

The Latin noun is usually explained as a compound of fastus (“disdain”) and taedium (“weariness”), shortened from *fastitīdium or *fastutīdium.^[8][1] Wiktionary calls the explanation uncertain.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Houaiss dates the first record, spelt ffastidio, to the 14th century, from Cunha's index of medieval Portuguese.^[2] Cunha's own article dates the word to the 16th century.^[3] Cardoso's dictionary of 1569 renders Fastio with Latin satietas “surfeit”.^[9]

Semantic evolution

Pereira (1697) renders the word with Latin fastidium, nausea and taedium, covering both the physical sense and weariness of mind, and Folqman (1755) has ter fastio “to have no appetite”.^[10][11] Morais (1789) adds the aversion to certain foods that comes with illness.^[12] Caldas Aulete quotes Vieira on the fastios do mar, the tedium of a sea voyage.^[13]

Regional senses include, in the Alentejo, a small cartilage on the beak of a newly hatched chick that has to be removed before it can feed, and, in a Brazilian survey, the nausea of pregnancy.^[14][15] The word passed into Macanese as fastio and into the Malay of Ambon and Manado as pastiu.^[1]

Timeline

• 14th century – ffastidio.^[2]
• 15th century – fastio, fastyo and ffastio.^[2]
• 16th century – first record of the derivative enfastiar.^[3]
• 1569 – Cardoso renders the word with Latin satietas.^[9]
• 1599 – fastio in a private letter.^[16]
• 1697 – Pereira gives Latin fastidium, nausea and taedium.^[10]
• 1813 – first record of desfastio and enfastiado.^[3]

Meanings

Noun

1. Lack of appetite; aversion to food.^[2][17][14]
2. repugnance or aversion felt for people or things.^[2][17]
3. boredom, tedium, weariness.^[2][17][1]
4. (Alentejo) A small cartilage on the beak of a newly hatched chick, which must be removed for it to feed.^[14]

Word family

• desfastio
• enfastiado
• enfastiar

Related words

• Latin fastīdium
• Spanish hastío
• Galician fastío

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. fastio
3. ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. fastio
4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. fastio
5. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 324
6. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 3217
7. ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. hastío
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. fastīdium
9. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. fastio
10. ^ a b Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. fastio
11. ^ Folqman, Carlos (1755), Diccionario portuguez, e latino, Lisboa: Régia Officina Silviana (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. fastio
12. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 100
13. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. fastio
14. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. fastio
15. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. fastio
16. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. fastio
17. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. fastio