hastío

Forms

hastío m (plural hastíos)^[1] Old Spanish wrote fastío; this form still occurs in P. M. de Urrea (1514), and hastío becomes frequent from the middle of the 16th century.^[2][3] The Aragonese of Echo has fástio, with the stress of Catalan fàstic.^[4]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old Spanish fastío, inherited from Latin fastīdium (“loathing, distaste; fastidiousness”).^[2][5][6][1]

The same Latin word is Portuguese fastio, Old Catalan fastig and Old Occitan fasti.^[2] The modern form Catalan fàstic (“disgust”), with its shifted stress and ending, is not well explained.^[2][7] The Galician form is fastío.^[1]

The OLD explains the Latin noun as a compound of fastus (“disdain”) and taedium (“weariness”), shortened by haplology.^[8][1] Wiktionary calls this uncertain.^[1] The learned doublet is fastidio, already in the Calila of 1251.^[2][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The earliest hit in the CDH is the falconry book Moamín (1250, in a copy of the later 13th century): a chapter on the cure of fastio, a hawk's loss of appetite.^[3] The Aragonese Vidal Mayor (c. 1250) has fastío in the wider sense of loathing: false speech breeds fastío a Dios “loathing towards God”.^[3] Corominas's first record of the form hastío is Nebrija's hastio: fastidium.^[2]

Semantic evolution

In the medieval hunting books the word is above all the loss of appetite of hawks and other animals.^[3] Alfonso X used it for disgust and weariness.^[9] Nebrija gave the Latin equivalents fastidium, satietas and saties.^[10] The Diccionario de Autoridades defined it as lack of appetite and aversion to food, and by extension to other things.^[11] By 1843 the Academy marked the sense “disgust, tedium” as figurative.^[12] A writer from Granada in 1601 set fastidio as the Castilian word against hastío as the Andalusian one.^[2] In the Canaries the word means lack of appetite.^[2]

Timeline

• 1250 – Moamín has fastio for a hawk's lack of appetite.^[3]
• c. 1250 – the Vidal Mayor has fastío.^[3]
• 1251 – the learned doublet fastidio in the Calila.^[5]
• 1463 – the learned verb fastidiar.^[5]
• c. 1495 – Nebrija has the form hastío, with enhastiar and hastioso.^[2][5]
• 1514 – P. M. de Urrea still writes fastío.^[2]
• 1541 – the first record from the Americas, in Michoacán.^[13]
• c. 1600 – the verb hastiar replaces enhastiar.^[2][5]
• 1601 – a writer from Granada calls hastío Andalusian.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. repugnance for food, lack of appetite: Después de tanto dulce le entró hastío.^[6]
2. weariness, boredom, disgust: Escuchaba los discursos con hastío.^[6][1]

Word family

• hastiar
• hastioso
• enhastiar

Related words

• fastidio
• fastidiar
• fastidioso
• Latin fastīdium
• Portuguese fastio

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 324
3. ^ a b c d e f Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. hastío
4. ^ Coromines, Joan (1980–2001), Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana, 10 vols., Barcelona: Curial / La Caixa (online ed., Institut d'Estudis Catalans 2024), p. 10, 22
5. ^ a b c d e f Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. hastío
6. ^ a b c Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. hastío
7. ^ Coromines, Joan (1980–2001), Diccionari etimològic i complementari de la llengua catalana, 10 vols., Barcelona: Curial / La Caixa (online ed., Institut d'Estudis Catalans 2024), p. 3, 904
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
9. ^ Kasten, Lloyd A.; Nitti, John J.; Gago Jover, Francisco (2002–), Diccionario de la prosa castellana del Rey Alfonso X, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (electronic edition 2024), p. s.v. hastío
10. ^ Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. hastío
11. ^ Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 4, 131
12. ^ Real Academia Española (1843), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 9th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Francisco María Fernández, p. 381
13. ^ Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. fastío