Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word culpável
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1300s More words from the 14th century
- Borrowed from
- Latin culpabilis
- Ultimate origin
- Latin culpābilis
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
culpável m or f (plural culpáveis)[1]
Etymology
It is borrowed from Latin culpābilis (“blameworthy”), recorded from the 14th century.[2][1] Wiktionary calls it a learned borrowing, Nascentes a semi-learned one; it can also be analysed as culpar with the suffix -ável, as Vieira did.[1][3][4] The same Latin word is Spanish culpable, Catalan culpable, Italian colpabile and, inherited, French coupable.[1][5][6]
The Latin adjective is formed from culpō (“to blame”) or from culpa (“fault, blame”) with the suffix -bilis.[7][1] It meant “deserving of censure” in Apuleius; in Christian and Medieval Latin it came to mean “guilty”.[7][8][6]
Semantic evolution
Bluteau in 1712 defines culpável as the opposite of inculpavel, glossing it with Latin “liable to blame or charge”.[9] Morais in 1789 gives the two senses still current, said of a person to whom blame can be imputed and of an act that counts as a fault, acção culpável.[10][11]
Timeline
- 14th century – first record.[2]
- 1712 – Bluteau lists culpável as the opposite of inculpavel.[9]
- 1734 – Feijó gives the spelling culpável.[12]
- 1789 – Morais defines it as “to which blame can be imputed”.[10]
- 1820 – culpavel in a private letter.[13]
Meanings
Adjective
- Who can be blamed; guilty, culpable: O tribunal considerou-o culpável.[2][14][11][1]
- Deserving censure; repreensível: uma negligência culpável.[14][11][15]
Related words
- culpa
- culpar
- culpado
- inculpável
- desculpável
- Latin culpābilis
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. culpável
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. culpável
- ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 667
- ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. culpable
- ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. coupable
- ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. culpābilis
- ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. culpabilis
- ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. culpável
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 354
- ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. culpável
- ^ Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. culpável
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. culpável
- ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. culpável
- ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. culpável
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Culpável.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/culp%C3%A1vel. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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