Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word culpável

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1300s More words from the 14th century
Borrowed from
Latin culpabilis
Ultimate origin
Latin culpābilis
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin culpa
French coulpe
Italian colpa
Portuguese culpa
Spanish culpa
Latin culpō
Latin culpābilis
French coupable
Portuguese culpável
Spanish culpable
From the same root
Italian colpevole ← colpa

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /kuwˈpa.vew/, [kuʊ̯ˈpa.veʊ̯][1]
  • Portugal: /kulˈpa.vɛl/, [kuɫˈpa.vɛɫ][1]
  • Northern, Portugal: /kulˈpa.bɛl/, [kuɫˈpa.βɛɫ][1]

Forms

culpável m or f (plural culpáveis)[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin culpābilis (“blameworthy”), recorded from the 14th century.[2][1] Wiktionary calls it a learned borrowing, Nascentes a semi-learned one; it can also be analysed as culpar with the suffix -ável, as Vieira did.[1][3][4] The same Latin word is Spanish culpable, Catalan culpable, Italian colpabile and, inherited, French coupable.[1][5][6]

The Latin adjective is formed from culpō (“to blame”) or from culpa (“fault, blame”) with the suffix -bilis.[7][1] It meant “deserving of censure” in Apuleius; in Christian and Medieval Latin it came to mean “guilty”.[7][8][6]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau in 1712 defines culpável as the opposite of inculpavel, glossing it with Latin “liable to blame or charge”.[9] Morais in 1789 gives the two senses still current, said of a person to whom blame can be imputed and of an act that counts as a fault, acção culpável.[10][11]

Timeline

  • 14th century – first record.[2]
  • 1712 – Bluteau lists culpável as the opposite of inculpavel.[9]
  • 1734 – Feijó gives the spelling culpável.[12]
  • 1789 – Morais defines it as “to which blame can be imputed”.[10]
  • 1820 – culpavel in a private letter.[13]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Who can be blamed; guilty, culpable: O tribunal considerou-o culpável.[2][14][11][1]
  2. Deserving censure; repreensível: uma negligência culpável.[14][11][15]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. culpável
  3. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. culpável
  4. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 2, 667
  5. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. culpable
  6. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. coupable
  7. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. culpābilis
  8. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. culpabilis
  9. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. culpável
  10. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 354
  11. ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. culpável
  12. ^ Feijó, João de Morais Madureira (1734), Orthographia, ou Arte de escrever, e pronunciar com acerto a lingua portugueza, Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. culpável
  13. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. culpável
  14. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. culpável
  15. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. culpável

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Culpável.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/culp%C3%A1vel. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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