arador

Forms

arador m (plural aradores, feminine aradora, feminine plural aradoras)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin arātor (“ploughman; farmer”), the agent noun of arō (“to plough”).^{[2][3][4][1][5]} The Latin /t/ between vowels was voiced to /d/.^[6]

The same Latin word is Spanish arador, Catalan arador, Italian aratore, Romanian arător and Old French areour.^[7] The Latin noun is formed with the agent suffix -tor.^[1][5]

The Aulete Digital instead analyses the word as formed in Portuguese, from arar with the suffix -dor.^[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in the Cantigas de Santa Maria (no. 366): en un campo u aradores / con seus boys ali aravan “in a field where ploughmen were ploughing with their oxen”.^[9] Houaiss and Cunha date the noun to the 13th century.^[2][3]

Semantic evolution

The word has kept its sense “one who ploughs” since the 13th century, and it is also used as an adjective, as in boi arador “plough ox”.^[2][8] Bluteau knew it chiefly from a proverb: no land is so wild that it resists the ploughman, and no man so meek that he likes to be ordered about.^[10] Vieira (1871) notes it in Leonel da Costa and Filinto.^[6] Michaelis also records it as a name of the itch mite.^[11]

Timeline

• 13th century – aradores in the Cantigas de Santa Maria.^[9][2]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau records the proverb Naõ ha terra tão brava, que resista ao Arador.^[10]
• 1871 – Vieira records it as noun and adjective.^[6]

Meanings

Noun

1. A ploughman, one who ploughs; a lavrador.^[2][12][1]
2. The itch mite.^[11]

Adjective

1. That ploughs: um cavalo arador.^[2][8]

Related words

• arar
• arado
• Latin arātor
• Spanish arador

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. arador
3. ^ a b Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. arar
4. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. arador
5. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. arātor
6. ^ a b c Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 1, 523
7. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 600
8. ^ a b c Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. arador
9. ^ a b Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. arador
10. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. arador
11. ^ a b Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. arador
12. ^ Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. arador