Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word algum
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1200s legal texts and the Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *alicunus
- Ultimate origin
- Vulgar Latin *alicūnus
Pronunciation
Forms
algum (feminine alguma, masculine plural alguns, feminine plural algumas)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote algũu, algun and alguu, feminine algũa, algua.[2][3] Wiktionary lists algũ and alghum as older spellings.[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *alicūnus, written Old Galician-Portuguese algũu in the oldest texts.[2][4][5][1] The Vulgar Latin word joins Latin aliquis (“someone, some”) and ūnus (“one”).[2][4][6][7] Machado and Porto Editora give it as a contraction with the vowel lost, aliqu'unu, and Aurélio as *olicunu.[5][8][9]
The same Vulgar Latin word is Galician algún, Spanish alguno, Catalan algun, French aucun and Italian alcuno.[10][1] The REW observes that it was used above all with a negation, so that Old Italian and French came to use it for “none”.[10] The Spanish word is recorded from 1077.[11]
Earliest recorded meaning
Machado's oldest trace is in a Latin charter of 897, et aliguno omine “and any man”.[5][2] In Portuguese the word appears in the 13th century: a legal text has se preyto de casamento for começado ante alghus em juyzo “if a marriage suit is begun before anyone in court”, and the Cantigas de Santa Maria have Com'ajamos algun fillo “so that we may have some son”.[5][3][4] The word already served both as an adjective and, on its own, as a pronoun.[3]
Semantic evolution
Medieval documents already use the word after the noun in negative sentences with the sense “no, none”, as Galician notarial texts of Rianxo show.[3] Morais (1789) describes both uses: before the noun it marks an uncertain individual of its kind, but placed after it in a negative sentence it is equivalent to nenhum; he notes that good authors sometimes put it after the noun in a positive sense too.[12] Caldas Aulete adds the sense “middling, mediocre”, as in having some talent for drawing.[13]
Modern Portuguese also uses it for an indefinite, moderate quantity, and colloquially as a masculine noun meaning “some money”.[2][7][14]
Timeline
- 897 – a Latin charter writes aliguno omine.[5]
- 13th century – first records in Portuguese, as algũu, alguu and algun.[2][4][3]
- c. 1446 – the Dez Mandamentos use algum (witness 1431–1446).[15]
- 1516 – a private letter writes algũa.[16]
- 1569 – Cardoso translates Algum by Latin aliquis.[17]
- 1789 – Morais describes the negative use of the word after the noun.[12]
- 1871 – Vieira explains the word as a contraction of aliquis and unus.[18]
Meanings
Pronoun
- some, a certain: one, not specified, of two or more: Algum dos teus vizinhos deve saber.[2][9][1]
- Any, some or other, of a person, place or thing not known, especially in questions: Viste algum carro na estrada?[2][9]
- Some, a moderate amount of, neither much nor little: Ainda tenho alguma esperança.[2][19][8]
- (after the noun, in negative sentences) No, none at all: de modo algum.[19][14]
- (in the plural) Some people, a few: Alguns preferem o campo.[14]
Noun
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. algum
- ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. algũu
- ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. algum
- ^ a b c d e Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. s.v. algum
- ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. algum
- ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. algum
- ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 461
- ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. algum
- ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 339
- ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 1, 163
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 58
- ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. algum
- ^ a b c d Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. algum
- ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. algum
- ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. algum
- ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. algum
- ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 1, 303
- ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. algum
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Algum.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/algum. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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