Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word algum

Confidence
Established
Formation
Inherited
First attested
1200s legal texts and the Cantigas de Santa Maria More words from the 13th century
Inherited from
Latin *alicunus
Ultimate origin
Vulgar Latin *alicūnus

Pronunciation

  • Brazil: /awˈɡũ/, [aʊ̯ˈɡũ][1]
  • Portugal: /alˈɡũ/, [aɫˈɣũ][1]
  • Portugal, Southern: /alˈɡũ/, [aɫˈɡũ][1]

Forms

algum (feminine alguma, masculine plural alguns, feminine plural algumas)[1] Old Galician-Portuguese wrote algũu, algun and alguu, feminine algũa, algua.[2][3] Wiktionary lists algũ and alghum as older spellings.[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *alicūnus, written Old Galician-Portuguese algũu in the oldest texts.[2][4][5][1] The Vulgar Latin word joins Latin aliquis (“someone, some”) and ūnus (“one”).[2][4][6][7] Machado and Porto Editora give it as a contraction with the vowel lost, aliqu'unu, and Aurélio as *olicunu.[5][8][9]

The same Vulgar Latin word is Galician algún, Spanish alguno, Catalan algun, French aucun and Italian alcuno.[10][1] The REW observes that it was used above all with a negation, so that Old Italian and French came to use it for “none”.[10] The Spanish word is recorded from 1077.[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

Machado's oldest trace is in a Latin charter of 897, et aliguno omine “and any man”.[5][2] In Portuguese the word appears in the 13th century: a legal text has se preyto de casamento for começado ante alghus em juyzo “if a marriage suit is begun before anyone in court”, and the Cantigas de Santa Maria have Com'ajamos algun fillo “so that we may have some son”.[5][3][4] The word already served both as an adjective and, on its own, as a pronoun.[3]

Semantic evolution

Medieval documents already use the word after the noun in negative sentences with the sense “no, none”, as Galician notarial texts of Rianxo show.[3] Morais (1789) describes both uses: before the noun it marks an uncertain individual of its kind, but placed after it in a negative sentence it is equivalent to nenhum; he notes that good authors sometimes put it after the noun in a positive sense too.[12] Caldas Aulete adds the sense “middling, mediocre”, as in having some talent for drawing.[13]

Modern Portuguese also uses it for an indefinite, moderate quantity, and colloquially as a masculine noun meaning “some money”.[2][7][14]

Timeline

  • 897 – a Latin charter writes aliguno omine.[5]
  • 13th century – first records in Portuguese, as algũu, alguu and algun.[2][4][3]
  • c. 1446 – the Dez Mandamentos use algum (witness 1431–1446).[15]
  • 1516 – a private letter writes algũa.[16]
  • 1569 – Cardoso translates Algum by Latin aliquis.[17]
  • 1789 – Morais describes the negative use of the word after the noun.[12]
  • 1871 – Vieira explains the word as a contraction of aliquis and unus.[18]

Meanings

Pronoun

  1. some, a certain: one, not specified, of two or more: Algum dos teus vizinhos deve saber.[2][9][1]
  2. Any, some or other, of a person, place or thing not known, especially in questions: Viste algum carro na estrada?[2][9]
  3. Some, a moderate amount of, neither much nor little: Ainda tenho alguma esperança.[2][19][8]
  4. (after the noun, in negative sentences) No, none at all: de modo algum.[19][14]
  5. (in the plural) Some people, a few: Alguns preferem o campo.[14]

Noun

  1. (informal) Some money, a sum of money.[2][7][14]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. algum
  3. ^ a b c d e Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. algũu
  4. ^ a b c d Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. algum
  5. ^ a b c d e Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. s.v. algum
  6. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. algum
  7. ^ a b c Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. algum
  8. ^ a b Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 461
  9. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. algum
  10. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 339
  11. ^ Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 1, 163
  12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 58
  13. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. algum
  14. ^ a b c d Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. algum
  15. ^ Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, CTA – Corpus de Textos Antigos, https://teitok.clul.ul.pt/cta, p. s.v. algum
  16. ^ CLUL (ed.) (2014), P.S. Post Scriptum: Arquivo Digital de Escrita Quotidiana em Portugal e Espanha na Época Moderna, Lisboa: Centro de Linguística da Universidade de Lisboa, http://ps.clul.ul.pt, p. s.v. algum
  17. ^ Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. algum
  18. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 1, 303
  19. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. algum

Related etymologies

Cite this entry

“Algum.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/algum. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.

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