Etymology and origin of the Portuguese word alinhar
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 1569 Cardoso's Portuguese–Latin dictionary More words from the 16th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin līnum
Etymology tree
From the same root
Pronunciation
Forms
alinhar (first-person singular present alinho, first-person singular preterite alinhei, past participle alinhado)[1]
Etymology
It is formed from Portuguese a- + linha + -ar.[2][1][3][4] Machado derives it simply from linha.[5] DELPo compares Spanish aliñar.[6]
The noun is from Latin līnea (“linen thread, string, line”), a noun from the adjective līneus (“of flax”), from līnum (“flax”).[7]
Earliest recorded meaning
Cardoso's dictionary of 1569 already lists alinhar and renders it with Latin concinno “to arrange, put in order”.[8] Houaiss's first text is from 1596, one he cites as DBernLim, and Morais quotes the verb from Bernardes's Lima;[2][5][9] Machado found it no earlier than Viterbo's Elucidário but argued that it must be older, because the noun alinho appears in Gil Vicente in 1518.[2][5][9]
Semantic evolution
Morais (1789) gives two senses, “to draw with a cord, to set in a straight line” and “to adorn, dress up”, and quotes Bernardes's louvores mais altos do que eu alinho “higher praises than I set in order”.[10] Morais (1813) adds alinhar o estilo “to polish one's style”.[11] Vieira (1871–1874) adds the figurative “to put on the same level”.[4] Recent senses are “to join, side with” (a group, a decision), in Portugal informally “to go along with”, and sports, printing and car mechanics senses: to take part in a competition, to justify a text, to align the wheels.[2][3][12][13] Regional Portuguese uses it for splitting and boning fish and, in Moncorvo, for “to go away”.[14]
Timeline
- 1518 – the noun alinho in Gil Vicente.[5][9]
- 1569 – Cardoso lists alinhar.[8]
- 1596 – Houaiss's first text record.[2]
- 1676 – first record of desalinhado.[15]
- 1789 – Morais's two senses; first record of alinhamento.[10][16]
Meanings
Verb
- (transitive, reflexive) To align, to line up: to put or place oneself in a straight line or a row: Os alunos alinharam-se à porta.[2][12][13][1]
- (reflexive, figurative) To put oneself on the same level as, to match.[2][17]
- (transitive, reflexive) To dress up, to make neat and well-groomed.[2][12]
- (reflexive, or with com) To side with a party, group or idea; to join (aderir).[2][12]
- (Portugal, informal, with em) To go along with, to take part in a joint action.[2][3][13]
- (sport) To take part in a competition; to play for a team.[3][13]
- (transitive) To set out in alignment; in printing, to justify a text; in mechanics, to align the wheels of a vehicle.[12][13]
Word family
- alinhamento
- alinhado
- alinho
- desalinhar
- realinhar
Related words
- linha
- Spanish aliñar
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. alinhar
- ^ a b c d Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. alinhar
- ^ a b Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 1, 310
- ^ a b c d Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. s.v. alinhar
- ^ NEHiLP – Núcleo de Apoio à Pesquisa em Etimologia e História da Língua Portuguesa, Universidade de São Paulo, DELPo: Dicionário Etimológico da Língua Portuguesa (online database), p. s.v. alinhar
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. linha
- ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. alinhar
- ^ a b c Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. alinho
- ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 60
- ^ Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 96
- ^ a b c d e Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. alinhar
- ^ a b c d e Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 474
- ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. alinhar
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. desalinhar
- ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. alinhamento
- ^ Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. alinhar
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Alinhar.” Etymologically, 15 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/pt/alinhar. Accessed 16 Nov. 2026.
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