advogar

Forms

advogar (first-person singular present advogo, first-person singular preterite advoguei, past participle advogado)^[1] The old forms are auogar (13th century), uogar (13th century, also in 1331) and aduocar (16th century).^[2][3][4] Bluteau (1712–1728) heads the word advogar, ou avogar, and Pereira (1697) refers advogar to avogar.^[5][6]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin advocō (“to call to oneself; to call in as a helper”), a semi-learned word.^[2][3][4][1] Nascentes takes it through the old Old Galician-Portuguese avogar, remade on the Latin.^[7] Houaiss, following Machado, notes that the Latin verb is recorded in its legal sense in the imperial period.^[2][4] The Latin verb is formed from ad- (“to”) and vocō (“to call”).^[1][8] Its doublets are avocar and the old form already named.^[1][2]

The same Latin verb is Spanish abogar, Italian avvocare and, inherited, French avouer “to admit”.^[9][1][10] García de Diego reports that Meyer-Lübke and Wartburg see the Spanish forms as back-formations from abogado.^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

Machado quotes uogar from a 13th-century text of the laws: no one may have a counsel against his lord unless he pleads for himself (senon el uogue por sy).^[4]

Semantic evolution

Machado finds the form advogar late: it is in Barbosa's dictionary of 1611, but he could not find it in a text before the 18th century, although advogado is used in the 16th.^[4] Barbosa glosses it as Latin patrocinor and causas agere, to plead cases.^[11] Bluteau (1712–1728) defines it as practising the office of advocate and notes that the law of the realm forbade it to noblemen, clerics and members of religious orders.^[5]

Morais refers the word to avocar (1789), and in 1813 quotes João de Barros on the Portuguese wanting to aduocar trade to Goa, that is, to draw it there.^{[12][13][14][4]} The original Caldas Aulete has the modern senses: to defend a cause in court, to defend with arguments, and to practise as a lawyer.^[15]

Timeline

• 13th century – first records, as auogar and uogar.^[2][3][4]
• 1331 – vogar.^[2]
• 16th century – João de Barros writes aduocar “to draw (trade)”.^[4]
• 1611 – Barbosa's dictionary lists Advogar.^[11]
• 1697 – Pereira refers advogar to avogar.^[6]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau heads it advogar, ou avogar.^[5]
• 1789 – Morais refers advogar to avocar.^[12]

Meanings

Verb

1. (law, transitive) To defend someone or a cause in court, as a lawyer: Advogou o caso do vizinho de graça.^[2][16][17]
2. (law, intransitive) To practise as a lawyer (advogado).^[2][16][1]
3. (transitive) To defend with arguments; to advocate, champion an idea or doctrine.^{[2][18][16][1]}
4. (transitive, intransitive) To intercede for someone, to speak or act in their favour.^[2][18][16]

Related words

• advocacia
• advocatura
• advogado
• avocar
• Spanish abogar

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. advogar
3. ^ a b c Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. advogar
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. s.v. advogar
5. ^ a b c Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. advogar
6. ^ a b Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. advogar
7. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. advogar
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. advocō
9. ^ a b García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. s.v. advocare
10. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. avouer
11. ^ a b Barbosa, Agostinho (1611), Dictionarium lusitanicolatinum, Braga: Fructuoso Lourenço de Basto (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. advogar
12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 1, 31
13. ^ Silva, António de Morais (1813), Diccionario da lingua portugueza, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Lisboa: Typographia Lacerdina, p. 1, 50
14. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 1, 180
15. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. advogar
16. ^ a b c d Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. advogar
17. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. advogar
18. ^ a b Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. advogar