Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

The OLD and the TLL derive it from Latin con- + celebrō (“to frequent, celebrate”), but de Vaan argues that it is the oldest derivative of celeber (“crowded, frequented”), earlier attested than…

It is from Latin conchȳlium (“shellfish; purple dye”) + -ātus, and that noun is from Ancient Greek κογχύλιον (konkhúlion, “small mussel”).

It is from Latin con- + cieō (“to set in motion, summon”). De Vaan derives ⟨cieō⟩ from Proto-Indo-European *(ḱ)ei(h₂)- (“to start to move”), cognate with Ancient Greek κίνυμαι (kínumai, “to be…

It is formed from Latin concilium (“assembly, meeting”) + -ō, the verb suffix. De Vaan puts ⟨concilium⟩ with calō (“to call, summon”), from Proto-Italic *kela- and Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to…

Its origin is uncertain. The OLD suggests it may be a back-formation from concinnō (“to put in order, make ready”); Leumann thought it was formed back from the participle ⟨concinnātus⟩. Nonius…

It is formed from Latin con- (“together”) + clāmō (“to shout”). De Vaan takes ⟨clāmō⟩ as a verb made from a noun meaning “shout”, from Proto-Italic *klām-o/ā- (“shout(ing)”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin con- + coquō (“to cook”). De Vaan traces coquō to Proto-Italic *kʷekʷe/o- (“to cook”) and Proto-Indo-European *pekʷ-e/o- (“to cook”).

It is from Latin con- + crēdō (“to entrust, believe”). De Vaan traces crēdō to Proto-Italic *krezde/o- and Proto-Indo-European *ḱred-dʰeh₁- (“to place in the heart, believe”). Cognate with Old Irish…

It is from Latin con- + crepō (“to rattle, creak”). De Vaan traces crepō to Proto-Italic *krepa- and Proto-Indo-European *ḱrep- (“to rattle, crackle”).

It is from Latin concumbō (“to lie together”) + -tus, a noun of action. The verb is con- and -cumbō, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kumbe/o- (“to lie down”); since the root has /b/ and is…

It is formed from Latin concurrō (“to run together”) + -tus. The verb is con- with currō (“to run”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *korse/o- (“to run”) and Proto-Indo-European *ḱers- (“to…

It is formed from Latin con- + damnō (“to condemn”). De Vaan lists it with damnō under damnum (“loss, damage”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *dapno- and Proto-Indo-European *dh₂p-no- (“expense…

It is from Latin condignus (“very worthy, befitting”) + -ē, an adverb. The adjective is formed from com- and dīgnus (“worthy”), which de Vaan places with decet (“it is fitting”) and traces to…

It is from Latin con- + discō (“to learn”). De Vaan traces discō to Proto-Italic *dikske/o- and a reduplicated present Proto-Indo-European *di-dḱ-sḱ-e/o- (“to take, accept”), meaning "to take in…

It is formed from Latin con- + doleō (“to be in pain”) + -scō, an inchoative like perdolēscō and indolēscō. VOLI derives it from condoleō, but Wiktionary notes that condoleō is an Ecclesiastical…

It is from Latin con- + dōnō (“to give, present”). The verb dōnō is made from dōnum (“gift”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *dōno- (“gift”) and Proto-Indo-European *doh₃-no- (“gift”) or…

It is from Latin condūcō (“to bring together; to be of use”) + -bilis. De Vaan lists condūcō (from Plautus on) among the compounds of dūcō (“to lead”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *douk-e- and…

It is from Latin condūcō (“to bring together; to hire”) + -tor, the agent noun of the verb. That verb is formed from con- and dūcō (“to lead”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *doukō and…

Used as an adjective, it is the present participle from Latin cōnfīdō (“to trust, be confident”). That verb is a compound of con- and fīdō (“to trust”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *feiþe-…

It is from Latin cōnfīdēns (“confident, bold”) + -ter, the present participle of cōnfīdō (“to trust, be sure”). That verb is a compound of com- and fīdō (“to trust”), which goes back to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin cōnfīnis (“bordering, adjoining”) + -ium. cōnfīnis is formed from fīnis (“boundary, end”), whose etymology de Vaan calls disputed: Walde and Hofmann reconstruct ⟨*fīg-s-ni-⟩ “driven…

It is from Latin con- + fīō (“to become, be made”), used as the present beside cōnficiō (“to accomplish, make”), as the simple verb serves beside faciō (“to make”). The simple verb goes back to…

It is from Latin con- + flō (“to blow”). De Vaan tentatively traces flō to Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to blow”); if it is related to fleō (“to weep”), the root may have been without the…

It is from Latin con- + fodiō (“to dig”). De Vaan traces fodiō to Proto-Italic *foþ-i- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ-i- (“to poke, dig”). Cognate with Hittite padda-i (“to dig”), Lithuanian bèsti…

It is formed from Latin con- + fragōsus (“brittle, rugged”), from frangō (“to break”). De Vaan traces frangō to Proto-Italic *frang- and Proto-Indo-European *bhr-n-ǵ- (“to break”). Lewis and Short…

It is formed from Latin con- + fugiō (“to flee”). De Vaan traces fugiō to Proto-Italic *fugi- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰug-i- (“to flee”), cognate with Ancient Greek φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”).

It is formed from Latin con- (“together”) + fundō (“to pour”). De Vaan derives ⟨fundō⟩ from Proto-Italic *χund- and the nasal present Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-n-d- (“to pour”), cognate with Ancient…

It is from Latin con- + *fūtō, a compound of the same lost verb as refūtō. De Vaan sets up a base ⟨-fūtāre⟩ “to strike” and, with a query, a Proto-Italic root *fūt-. Its meaning invites comparison…

It is formed from Latin con- + gerō (“to carry”). De Vaan traces ⟨gerō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ges-e/o- and a stem Proto-Indo-European *h₂ǵ-es- (“to carry”) built on the root of agō (“to drive”).

It is from Latin con- + gradior (“to step, walk”). The verb gradior goes back to Proto-Italic *grad-(e)i-. Cognate with Old Irish in·greinn (“chases”).

It is from Latin con- + nītor (“to lean on, strive”). For nītor de Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *kniχw-et-, whose first sense may have been “to lean on” or “to exert pressure”, and connects it…

It is formed from Latin con- (“with, together”) + iungō (“to join, yoke”). De Vaan traces iungō to Proto-Italic *jung-e/o-, from the nasal present Proto-Indo-European *(H)iu-n-g- (“to yoke”)…

De Vaan reconstructs inherited from Proto-Italic *kōnāje/o- (“to attempt”) and tentatively derives it from Proto-Indo-European *ḱōn- (“ascent”); Isebaert reconstructs ⟨*kōn-eh₂ie-⟩, and the LIV…

It is from Latin con- + queror (“to complain”). The verb queror goes back to Proto-Italic *kwes-e/o-; Walde–Hofmann, Pokorny and the LIV derive it from Proto-Indo-European *kʷes- (“to hiss”)…

It is from Latin con- + sanguineus (“of blood”). De Vaan traces sanguis (“blood”) to Proto-Italic *sangwen- and the oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂-r (“blood”), comparing Hittite ešhar…

It is formed from Latin con- + scandō (“to climb”), with the vowel weakened. De Vaan derives ⟨scandō⟩ from Proto-Italic *skand-e/o- (“to ascend”) and Proto-Indo-European *skend- (“to jump up…

It is from Latin con- + scīscō (“to ordain, decree”). scīscō is the inchoative of sciō (“to know”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *skije/o- and Proto-Indo-European *skh₁-i(e/o)- (“to…

It is formed from Latin con- + scrībō (“to write”), “to write together” in a list. De Vaan derives scrībō from Proto-Italic *skreif- (“to carve”), from Proto-Indo-European *skreybʰ- (“to carve”).

It is from Latin con- + sector (“to follow eagerly, chase”). De Vaan explains sector as made from the old past participle of sequor (“to follow”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *sekʷ-e/o- (“to…

It is from Latin con- + senēscō (“to grow old”). De Vaan derives senēscō from senex (“old man”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *seno- (“old”) and Proto-Indo-European *sen- (“old”), comparing Old…

It is formed from Latin con- (“with”) + servus (“slave”). De Vaan traces servus to Proto-Italic *serwo- (“shepherd”) and Proto-Indo-European *ser-u-o- (“guardian”); following Rix, the original sense…

It is formed from Latin con- + sīdō (“to sit down, settle”). De Vaan traces sīdō to Proto-Italic *sizd-e/o- (“to sit down”) and Proto-Indo-European *si-sd-e/o- (“to sit down”), a reduplicated…

It is from Latin con- + signō (“to mark, seal”). signō is made from signum (“mark, sign”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sekno- (“statue, sign”) and Proto-Indo-European *sek(h2)-no- (“cut”)…

It is from Latin cōnsilium (“counsel, deliberation”) + -ārius. De Vaan derives the noun from cōnsul and takes the verb cōnsulō (“to deliberate, consult”) as the oldest member of the group; it goes…

It is from Latin con- + similis (“like”). The TLL compares an Irish adjective of the same formation meaning equal or similar. De Vaan traces similis to Proto-Italic *semali- (“alike, together”) and…

It is from Latin con- + sociō (“to unite, associate”), or formed directly from socius (“companion”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of socius, which he traces to Proto-Italic *sokjo- and…

It is from Latin con- + spargō (“to scatter, sprinkle”). spargō goes back to Proto-Italic *sparg- and Proto-Indo-European *sp(e)r-g- (“to strew”), and de Vaan compares Hittite išpār-i “to spread…

The OLD analyses it as from Latin con- + speciō (“to look”), on the root ⟨spic-⟩, with a verbal ending; Wiktionary suggests a noun ⟨*cōnspex⟩ or the model of auspicor, and the Thesaurus compares…

It is from Latin con- + spuō (“to spit”). The simple verb goes back to Proto-Italic *spū̆-je/o- and Proto-Indo-European *sp(i)uH-ie/o- (“to spit”), an onomatopoeic formation whose beginning, de Vaan…

It is from Latin con- + stringō (“to draw tight, bind”). De Vaan traces this sense of ⟨stringō⟩ to Proto-Italic *strenge/o- (“to tie”) and Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ- (“to draw, tie”), cognate…

It is the perfect passive participle from Latin cōnsuēscō (“to become accustomed”), used as an adjective. De Vaan lists ⟨cōnsuēscere⟩ among the compounds of suēscō (“to become accustomed”), an…

It is from Latin cōnsultō (“to deliberate”) + -tiō. cōnsultō is formed from cōnsulō (“to deliberate, consult”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kom-se/ol-e/o- (“to consult”), from com- and…

It is from Latin con- + suō (“to sew”). De Vaan traces the simple verb to Proto-Italic *s(j)ūje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *siuH-ie/o- (“to sew”), and finds the compound from Plautus on. Cognate…

It is formed from Latin con- (“together, thoroughly”) + terō (“to rub”). De Vaan derives ⟨terō⟩ from Proto-Italic *tera- and Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub”), with an old present ⟨*treh₁-i-⟩…

It is formed from Latin con- + taceō (“to be silent”) + -scō, the inchoative suffix. De Vaan traces taceō to Proto-Italic *tak-ē- (“to be silent”) and Proto-Indo-European *tHk-eh₁- (“to be silent”)…

It is from Latin con- + tractō (“to handle”). That verb is formed from trahō (“to drag”).

It is from Latin con- + tueor (“to look at; to guard”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of tueor, from Plautus on. He takes the original meaning of that verb to be “to watch over, protect”…

It is formed from Latin con- (“together, thoroughly”) + tundō (“to beat, pound”). De Vaan traces ⟨tundō⟩ to Proto-Italic *(s)tund- and the nasal present Proto-Indo-European *(s)tu-n-d- (“to…

It is from Latin con- + turbō (“to disturb”). The verb turbō is formed from turba (“commotion, crowd”), whose origin is uncertain.

It is from Latin conveniō (“to come together”) + -a, and the TLL compares advena (“newcomer”). Veniō “to come” goes back to Proto-Italic *gʷn-je/o- and Proto-Indo-European *gʷm-ie/o- (“to come”).