concieo

Forms

concieō (present infinitive conciēre, perfect active concīvī, supine concitum); second conjugation^[1] A fourth-conjugation present conciō, -īre is far more common, with concītus beside concitus.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

It is from Latin con- + cieō (“to set in motion, summon”).^[2][1][4] De Vaan derives ⟨cieō⟩ from Proto-Indo-European *(ḱ)ei(h₂)- (“to start to move”), cognate with Ancient Greek κίνυμαι (kínumai, “to be moved”); in Classical Latin the simple verb was replaced by its frequentative citō.^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates ⟨cieō⟩ from Plautus,^[5] who has the south wind that will stir up every wave, and someone who has “raised an enemy at home: his wife is very fierce”.^[2]

Semantic evolution

It is to stir up or set violently in motion, and to muster: Lucretius' Jupiter stirs up darkness and roaring, and Livy and Tacitus use it of raising troops.^[2] It is also to stir up trouble, quarrels and war, as in Plautus and Afranius, and to arouse an emotion: Terence's single word that roused anger between two women.^[2] Of people it is to rouse to action or anger, incite.^[2]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of the wind and of quarrels.^[2][6]
• 190–159 BC – Terence of rousing anger.^[2][6]
• 96–55 BC – Lucretius of Jupiter stirring up storms.^[2][6]
• 59 BC–AD 17 – Livy of raising troops.^[2][6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To stir up, set in violent motion, shake.^[2][3][1]
2. To rouse, muster, assemble an army.^[2][1]
3. To stir up trouble or war; to arouse an emotion; to produce.^[2][1]
4. To rouse to action or anger, incite, excite.^[2][1]

Word family

• concitor
• concitāmentum
• concitō
• concītus

Related words

• accieō
• acciō
• cieō
• concitātē
• concitātiō
• concitātor
• concitātus
• excieō
• exciō
• percieō
• citō

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
5. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
6. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de