Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is a noun of action from stō “to stand”, inherited from Proto-Italic *statu- (“setting up”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sth₂tu- (“placement”). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *statъ (“wealth”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *stērlā-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”), with a suffix. With Old Irish sell (“iris”) it points to an Italo-Celtic formation…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sterna-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *st(e)r-n-h₃- (“to spread, strew”), a nasal present. The perfect was formed after the participle. Cognate with Sanskrit…

The OLD derives it, probably, from an Indo-European root ⟨*stei-⟩ “to prick”, also found in stilus and īnstīgō. Wiktionary likewise suggests Proto-Indo-European *(s)tey- (“sharp object”), perhaps an…

It is from Latin stips (“small coin”) + pendo (“to weigh out, pay”), shortened from *stipipendium. Varro already linked it with stips.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *stip- (“stalk”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *stip- (“stalk”). De Vaan suggests that a concrete object used in payments, perhaps a stalk, gave the meaning…

It is apparently from Latin stipula (“straw”) + -or, perhaps from a symbolic breaking of straws when an agreement was made, and the OLD compares Isidore of Seville. Varro connected it with stips…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos, “gullet”), from στόμα (stóma, “mouth”).

It is from Latin strictus (“drawn tight, close”) with the adverbial suffix -im, and that participle belongs to stringō (“to draw tight”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *stud-ē-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *stud-eh₁- (“to be thrusting”), a stative verb of the root *(s)tewd- (“to push, strike”), which is also found in tundō…

It is from Latin studium (“zeal, study”) + -ōsus. De Vaan explains studeō as a stative ⟨*stud-ē-⟩ to a root ⟨*(s)tud-⟩ “to thrust”, as in tundō, meaning “to be thrusting”, hence “to strive after”.

It is from Latin studeō (“to be eager”) + -ium. The verb is from Proto-Italic *stud-ē-, from Proto-Indo-European *stud-eh₁-, a stative to *(s)tud- “to thrust”, hence “to be pushing, strive after”.

It is from Latin sub- (“under, up from below”) + iaciō (“to throw”). The first syllable of present forms is long in pre-Augustan and Augustan verse, as Gellius discusses, and the spelling ⟨subjiciō⟩…

It is apparently from Latin subeō (“to come up, approach”), its perfect passive participle, that is “come up stealthily”.

It is from Latin sub- (“close under, after”) + sequor (“to follow”). An inscription and editors of Plautus have ⟨sups-⟩.

It is from Latin sub- (“under, up to”) + cēdō (“to go”).

1. This verb is from Latin sub- (“under”) + cadō (“to fall”). 2. This verb is from Latin sub- + caedō (“to cut”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *solko-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *solk-o- (“furrow”), from the root Proto-Indo-European *selk- (“to pull, draw”). Greek holkós makes *solko- likelier…

It is from Latin summus (“highest”), its feminine, ⟨summus⟩ being the superlative of superus “upper”, used as a noun. Lucretius has an old genitive ⟨summāī⟩.

It is from Latin superbus (“proud, haughty”) + -ia. Köbler connects ⟨superbus⟩ with super (“above”).

It is from Latin super (“above”) and a second element ⟨-bus⟩ that the OLD and Etymonline take to be the root of ⟨fuī⟩ “I was” (Proto-Indo-European ⟨*bʰuH-⟩ “to grow, be”), formed like probus…

It is from Latin superus (“upper”), its comparative, from super “above”. Its superlatives are suprēmus and summus.

The OLD derives it probably from ⟨*sub-placos⟩, related to plācō “to appease” and placeō, with the sense “bringing peace offerings”; compare supplicō. Wiktionary derives it from ⟨supplicō⟩, and…

It is from Latin sub- (“under”) + pōnō (“to put”). Plautus and Terence have the perfect ⟨supposīvī⟩, and Virgil the participle ⟨suppostus⟩.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sūs, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig, swine”), probably originally “sow”, from the root *suH- “to give birth”. Cognate with Umbrian sim (“pig”)…

1. The adjective is from Latin suspiciō, its perfect participle, “to look up at; to suspect”, from sub “under” and speciō “to look”. De Vaan traces ⟨speciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *spekje/o-, from…

It is from Latin sub- + pendō (“to hang, weigh”) (in its form ⟨subs-⟩).

It is from Latin suspīciō (“suspicion”) + -ōsus, from suspiciō “to look up at; to suspect”.

It is from Latin sub- (“under, up from below”) + spīrō (“to breathe”).

It is from Latin sub- (“under, up”) + teneō (“to hold”). The prefix has the form ⟨subs-⟩.

It is from Latin *traberna, from trabs “beam” and the suffix -rnus, with the first /r/ lost by dissimilation; it first meant “wooden shed”. De Vaan finds Ernout and Meillet's doubts unfounded, since…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *taþlā- (“board”), perhaps a root *ta- with the instrument suffix *-dʰlo-. Southern took the root to be that of “to stand”, so that a board…

Its origin is unknown. It is a stative Proto-Italic *taid-ē-, beside an adjective *taid-ro- that may survive in taeter “foul”, but there is no good etymology for the root. Lewis and Short compared…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tāli-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *teh₂-li- (“such”), from the demonstrative stem *to-. Cognate with Ancient Greek τηλίκος (tēlíkos, “of such an age”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *takslo-, if the diminutive taxillus “small die” is old and not made after pairs like āla and axilla. A connection with Welsh sawdl (“heel”) and Old Irish sál…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tang-e-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *th₂-n-g- (“to touch”), a nasal present of the root *teh₂g-. integer “untouched, whole” and contāmināre belong to the…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tauro- (“bull”), usually traced to Proto-Indo-European *táwros (“bull”), which is probably from a non-Indo-European source. Cognate with Umbrian turuf (“bulls”)…

It is from Latin tēctus, its neuter, ⟨tēctus⟩ being the participle of tegō “to cover”. Tegō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”), and is cognate with Ancient Greek τέγος (tégos…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *teg-e/o- (“to cover”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-e/o- (“to cover”). From the same root come toga, originally “covering”, and tēgula “tile”; the…

It is from ⟨*texla⟩, from Latin texō (“to weave”). Wiktionary reconstructs Proto-Italic *tekslā. De Vaan derives ⟨tēla⟩ from ⟨*teks-lā-⟩ and traces ⟨texō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *teḱs- (“to…

It is probably an iterative from a participle *tempto- “touched”, from a verb “to touch, feel”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *temp- (“to stretch”). Lewis and Short derived it from tendō “to…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tempos- (“stretch, measure”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *temp-os (“stretch”), an s-stem meaning “stretching”, then “stretch of time”, then “time…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tend-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ten-d(ʰ)- (“to stretch”), a present formed from the root *ten- (“to stretch”). The same root gave Latin a second…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *temasrā- (“darkness”), the feminine of an adjective Proto-Indo-European *temH-s-ro- (“dark”), with /m/ dissimilated to /n/ before /b/. Cognate with Sanskrit…

Its origin is disputed. De Vaan proposes Proto-Italic *terVno- (“soft”) from Proto-Indo-European *teru-no- (“tender”), with the consonants switched, comparing Sanskrit तरुण (táruṇa, “young, tender”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tn̥(a)u-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tn̥h₂-(e)u- (“thin”), a u-stem adjective made into an i-stem in Latin. Cognate with Old Irish tanae (“thin”), Welsh…

Its origin is uncertain. Within Italic, mantēle “towel” comes from *manu-terg-slo- “hand-wiper”, and Umbrian mantraklu (“towel?”) may be related. A link with Sanskrit तृंहति (tr̥ṃhati, “crushes”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tera-, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub”), with a present stem isolated in Indo-European; the /ī/ of the perfect points to an old athematic present…

It is from Latin terreō (“to frighten”) + -or. Köbler traces it to Proto-Indo-European *tres- (“to tremble”).

It is from Latin testis (“witness”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tekse/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *teḱ-s- (“to fashion”). Meiser takes it instead from a root *tek-s- seen in Ancient Greek τέχνη (tékhnē, “skill”), or…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek θησαυρός (thēsaurós, “treasure, storehouse”). Etymonline reports two views of the Greek word: Watkins connects it with a reduplicated form of Proto-Indo-European…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tond-eje-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tond-eie- (“to shear”), a causative-iterative of Proto-Indo-European *tend- (“to cut”). Cognate with Ancient Greek…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tonaō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”). Cognate with Sanskrit तनयित्नु (tanayitnú, “thundering”), Old High German donar and Old English þunor…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *torpē- (“to be stiff”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tr̥p-éh₁- (“to be stiff”), a stative verb. Cognate with Lithuanian tir̃pti (“to grow numb”), Old Church…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *torkʷ-eie- (“to twist”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *torkʷ-eie- (“to twist”), a causative of Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”). Cognate with Hittite…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *tors-eje- (“to scorch”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *tors-éye- (“to make dry”), a causative of Proto-Indo-European *ters- (“to be dry”). Cognate with…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek τοξικόν (toxikón, “poison for arrows”), short for a Greek phrase meaning “drug for arrows”, from τοξικός (toxikós, “of the bow”), from τόξον (tóxon, “bow”). It is…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *trab- (“wooden beam”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *trb- (“wooden beam”). Sabellic has a stem *trēb- “house”, as Oscan trííbúm (“house”), and Umbrian a verb…

It is from Latin trans- + duco (“to lead”), also written trānsdūcō. Lewis & Short note that Caesar always uses the full form.