Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin vēnor (“to hunt”) + -tor. De Vaan takes that verb as a denominative from a noun or adjective going back to Proto-Italic *wēn-o/ā- (“hunting”), from a root Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin vendō (“to sell”) + -itō, a frequentative. De Vaan lists it, with vendō, among the derivatives of vēnus (“sale”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *wesno- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin venēficus (“poisoning; magical; a poisoner, sorcerer”), its feminine, used as a noun. venēficus is formed from venēnum (“drug, poison”) and -ficus, from faciō (“to make”). De Vaan…

It is from Latin venēficus (“poisoner, sorcerer”) + -ium. venēficus is formed from venēnum (“poison, potion”) and the root of faciō (“to make”). De Vaan derives venēnum from Proto-Italic *wenes-no-…

It is from Latin venēnum (“poison, potion”) + -ficus (“making”), with the suffix ⟨-ficus⟩ from faciō (“to make, do”). De Vaan explains venēnum as Proto-Italic *wenes-no-, a derivative of venus…

It continues ⟨*vēnum īre⟩, “to go for sale”, from Latin vēnus (“sale”) + eō (“to go”), with the accusative of the first; vēndō “to sell” is likewise ⟨*vēnum dare⟩ “to give for sale”. De Vaan traces…

It is a diminutive formed from Latin ventus (“wind”) + -ulus. The base goes back to Proto-Italic *wē̆nto- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂ueh₁-nt-o- (“wind”), originally the present participle of a verb…

It is formed from Latin venus (“charm, love”) + -tās, after venustus (“charming”). De Vaan traces venus to Proto-Italic *wenos- and Proto-Indo-European *uenh₁-os (“desire”).

It is from Latin venus (“charm, loveliness”) + -tus. De Vaan traces venus to Proto-Italic *wenos- and Proto-Indo-European *uenh₁-os (“desire”), the root of vēnor (“to hunt”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *wesor, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *wésr̥ (“spring”), a neuter with an ⟨r⟩/⟨n⟩ stem. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔαρ (éar, “spring”), Old Norse vár…

It is from Latin vērus (“true”) + -āx. De Vaan traces vērus to Proto-Italic *wēro- and Proto-Indo-European *ueh1-ro- (“true”). Cognate with Old Irish fír (“true”), Welsh gwir (“true”) and Old High…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *werβos, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *werbʰ-os, from the root *werbʰ-. The OLD compares verbēna (“sacred boughs”). Wiktionary links it, perhaps, with…

1. The verb is formed from Latin verber (“lash, whip”) + -ō. 2. The noun is formed from Latin verber (“lash, whip”) + -ō with the suffix of agent nouns in ⟨-ōn-⟩: one who deserves the whip…

It is formed from Latin vērus (“true”) + -ē. De Vaan traces vērus to Proto-Italic *wēro- and Proto-Indo-European *weh₁-ro- (“true”), cognate with Old Irish fír (“true”), Old High German wār (“true”)…

It is formed from Latin verēcundus (“modest, bashful”) + -ia. De Vaan lists both among the derivatives of vereor (“to respect, fear”), from Proto-Italic *werē- (“to be wary”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin vereor (“to revere, fear”) + -cundus. De Vaan traces vereor to Proto-Italic *wer-ē- (“to be wary”) and Proto-Indo-European *u(e)r-eh₁- (“to note, sense”). Cognate with Old English…

The origin is uncertain. It is perhaps from Etruscan: the OLD suggests a form ⟨*vers-na⟩ built on Etruscan verse (“fire”), and Köbler and Wiktionary also consider an Etruscan source. Wiktionary…

It is formed from Latin vērus + -ō, the ablative of the adjective “true” used as an adverb. De Vaan derives ⟨vērus⟩ from Proto-Italic *wēro-, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁-ro- (“true”).

It is from Latin versō (“to keep turning”), its passive, used in a middle sense, “to turn oneself about”. versō is the frequentative of vertō (“to turn”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European…

The origin is uncertain. It is perhaps inherited from Proto-Italic *werw-ē-, from Proto-Indo-European *ueru-. It has long been connected with the word for “lamb”, *urh₁-en- (whence Ancient Greek…

It is a feminine form from Latin vesper (“evening”). Lewis & Short equate it with Ancient Greek ἑσπέρα (hespéra, “evening”). De Vaan traces vesper to Proto-Italic *we(k)spero- and…

It is from Latin vetus (“old”), according to the OLD probably with the suffix of hesternus (“of yesterday”); Wiktionary analyses it as the stem ⟨veter-⟩ with -nus. De Vaan traces the adjective to…

It is from Latin vetus (“old”) + -ulus, a diminutive. De Vaan traces vetus to Proto-Italic *wetos- (“year”) and Proto-Indo-European *wet-os- (“year”). Cognate with Hittite witt- (“year”).

It is formed from Latin vetus (“old”) + -tus; Wiktionary takes its first sense to be “having many years”, from a time when ⟨vetus⟩ still meant “year”. De Vaan traces ⟨vetus⟩ to Proto-Italic *wetos-…

It is from Latin viāticus (“of a journey”), its neuter used as a noun. De Vaan lists viāticus among the derivatives of via (“road, way”), from Proto-Italic *wijā- (“road”).

It is from Latin via (“road, way”) + -āticus. It is the adjective from which viāticum (“provision for a journey”) is formed.

It is from Latin vīgintī (“twenty”) + -ēsimus, built on the stem with /k/. De Vaan traces it to *wīkēnsumo-, found in an inscription, with the same Indo-European suffix *-tmHo- as Indo-Iranian, and…

It is from Latin vīcīnus (“near, neighbouring”) + -ia. De Vaan lists both vīcīnus and vīcīnia among the derivatives of vīcus (“village, street”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *weik-o-…

It is formed from Latin vicis (“turn, change”). De Vaan reconstructs a root noun Proto-Italic *wik- (“turn”) and Proto-Indo-European *uik- (“a turn”), perhaps from a root meaning “to tie, turn”; for…

It is a contraction of ⟨vidēre licet⟩, “one may see”, from Latin videō (“to see”) + licet (“it is allowed”), like scīlicet and īlicet. De Vaan traces ⟨videō⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to…

The origin is uncertain. It is perhaps from Latin vieō (“to plait, weave”), and de Vaan lists it among that verb's derivatives and has to assume an extended root Proto-Indo-European *uiH-d-…

It is formed from Latin vīlla (“country house, farm”) + -icus, with the double /l/ simplified. De Vaan derives ⟨vīlla⟩ from Proto-Italic *weikslā- (“farm”), from the family of vīcus (“village”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *wesli-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *wes-li- (“that can be bought”), a deverbal adjective with passive meaning. The expected ⟨*vēlis⟩ was raised to ⟨vīlis⟩…

It is from Latin vīlis (“cheap”) + -tās. De Vaan traces vīlis to Proto-Italic *wesli- and Proto-Indo-European *u̯es-li- (“what can be bought”), a verbal adjective whose root appears in Hittite u̯āš-…

It is from Latin vīnum (“wine”) + -ārius. De Vaan traces vīnum to Proto-Italic *wīno- and Proto-Indo-European *ueih₁-(ō)n (“vine; wine”), cognate with Umbrian vinu (“wine”), Hittite u̯ii̯an-…

It is from Latin vīnum (“wine”) + -ōsus (“full of”). De Vaan traces vīnum to Proto-Italic *wīno- and Proto-Indo-European *uih1-n- (“vine; wine”), an n-stem from the root meaning to weave or wrap, so…

It is from Latin vir (“man”) + -āgō, while Lewis & Short and Georges derive it from virgō (“maiden”). De Vaan notes that nouns in ⟨-āgō⟩ are usually built on nouns or verbs with ⟨-ā-⟩, so Leumann…

The origin is uncertain. It is perhaps inherited from Proto-Italic *w(e)is-, a form de Vaan gives with a query. He compares Lithuanian veĩsti (“to breed, rear”), Lithuanian vaĩsius (“fruit”), Old…

It is from Latin virgō (“girl, maiden”) + -ālis. The origin of virgō is unclear: Walde and Hofmann see it as an individuation of virga (“twig, rod”), while de Vaan rejects Ledo-Lemos' compound…

It is formed from Latin vireō (“to be green”) + -idus (irregularly for an expected ⟨*viridus⟩). The etymology of ⟨vireō⟩ is uncertain: de Vaan compares Lithuanian veĩsti (“to breed”), Old English…

It is formed from Latin vir (“man”) + -īlis. De Vaan traces ⟨vir⟩ to Proto-Italic *wiro- and Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man, young man, warrior”), cognate with Old Irish fer (“man”), Sanskrit वीर…

It is formed from Latin vir (“man”) + -tim, the adverbial suffix. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of vir, which he traces to Proto-Italic *wiro- and Proto-Indo-European *wiH-ró- (“man, young…

It is perhaps inherited from Proto-Italic *wisko-. De Vaan regards it as either a Proto-Indo-European word or a European loanword for mistletoe or another fruit-bearing tree; the original form may…

The origin is unclear. Wiktionary and Köbler mention Proto-Indo-European *weys- (“to turn, twist”), comparing vulva beside volvō; Lewis & Short connect it with viscum (“birdlime”) and viscidus…

It is from Latin vitulus (“calf”) + -ellus, a diminutive. That noun goes back to Proto-Italic *wet-elo- (“yearling, calf”) and to Proto-Indo-European *uet- (“year”). The OLD gives the word for the…

It is from Latin vitium (“fault, defect”) + -ōsus. De Vaan traces vitium to Proto-Italic *witio- (“deviation, fault”), and with Walde and Hofmann explains it as Proto-Indo-European *(d)ui-tio-…

It is formed from Latin vieō (“to plait, weave”). De Vaan suggests that it comes from an earlier ⟨*vīta⟩, continuing an old participle ⟨*uiH-to-⟩ of that root. He derives ⟨vieō⟩ from Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin vitium (“fault, defect”), and Lewis and Short take it to be a compound with parō (“to prepare”), “to find a fault in”. De Vaan explains it as presupposing an adjective…

It is from Latin vocō (“to call”) + -itō (“frequentative suffix”), a frequentative. De Vaan explains vocō as a denominative from the oblique stem of vōx (“voice”), which goes back to…

It is from Latin voluptās (“pleasure”) + -ārius. De Vaan lists it among the words built on the adverb volup (“agreeably”), the base of voluptās. He suggests that ⟨volup⟩ might continue Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin volup + -tās, from the adverb “pleasantly”. De Vaan derives volup (Naevius ⟨volop⟩) from Proto-Italic *we/olpi (“hopefully”), perhaps the neuter of a PIE noun…

It is a frequentative verb from Latin volvō (“to roll”) + -tō. The verb volvō goes back to Proto-Italic *weluō and Proto-Indo-European *wel-u- (“to wind”). Cognate with Ancient Greek εἰλύω (eilúō…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *weme/o-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *uemh1- (“to vomit”); the old root present was made thematic in Latin. Cognate with Sanskrit वमिति (vámiti, “vomits”)…

It is probably a denominative verb from a noun or adjective ⟨*gʷorā-⟩, “food” or “devouring”. It is inherited from Proto-Italic *gʷo/erā-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷo/erh₃-o/h₂-…

Used as an adjective, it is the participle from Latin vulgō (“to make public, spread abroad”). The verb is formed from vulgus (“the common people”), which de Vaan thinks may go back to Proto-Italic…

1. The adverb “commonly” is formed from vulgus (“the common people, the crowd”) with the adverbial ending -ō, an old dative or ablative. De Vaan says ⟨vulgus⟩ may go back to Proto-Italic *wolgo- or…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *woltu-, probably inherited from Proto-Indo-European *wel-tu- (“gaze, view”), which went from “gaze” to “look” to “face”; de Vaan follows Hamp in this. The root is…

It is from Latin ad- (“to, on”) and a verb *cand-, as in candeō “to glow” and incendō.

1. It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + cadō (“to fall”), with the vowel weakened to ⟨i⟩. 2. The cutting verb is a compound from Latin ad- (“to, at”) + caedō (“to cut, strike”).

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + veniō (“to come”).