Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is the shortened form from Latin sīve, from sī (“if”) and -ve (“or”).

It is from Latin sē- (“apart”) + vocō (“to call”).

It is from Latin sex (“six”) + -gintā (“-ty”). Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Indo-European *sweḱsḱomt, from earlier *swéḱsdḱomt (“six tens”). De Vaan notes that the ⟨-ā-⟩ was inserted after…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sekstos (“sixth”), formed from *seks (“six”), the source of sex (“six”). De Vaan derives the numeral from Proto-Indo-European *(s)weḱs (“six”) and the ordinal from…

The OLD derives it from Latin sībilus (“a hiss, whistle”). De Vaan points out that the verb is attested earlier than the noun, so it may be the older word, and he takes both as probably…

It is from Latin sī + -ce, the locative of an old demonstrative ⟨*so-⟩ (as in sī) with the deictic particle ⟨-ce⟩. The full form ⟨sīce⟩ occurs in Plautus and ⟨seic⟩ in early inscriptions; ⟨sīc⟩…

It is from Latin siccus (“dry”) + -tās. De Vaan calls the etymology of siccus uncertain: it may belong with Proto-Indo-European *si-sk-u- (“dry”), seen in Avestan hišku- (“dry”) and Middle Irish…

It is from Latin sīc (“thus”) + -ne (“interrogative particle”), the first part in its older form ⟨sīce⟩, which still has the particle -ce. De Vaan lists it with the words containing that particle…

It is formed from Latin sīc (“thus, so”) + ut (“as, how”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *silē- (“to be quiet”), a stative verb beside an adjective *silo- (“quiet, silent”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sh₁i-ló- (“silent”). Cognate with Gothic…

The origin is unknown. Walde and Hofmann and Pokorny assumed that ⟨*skelik-⟩ was dissimilated to ⟨silik-⟩ in this word and in siliqua (“pod”), but de Vaan rejects this, since it rests only on a…

It is formed from Latin silva (“wood, forest”) + -ānus, the relational suffix. De Vaan finds no etymology for silva itself, and Etymonline calls it a word of unknown origin.

It is probably from Latin sīmus (“snub-nosed”), which is borrowed from Ancient Greek σιμός (simós, “snub-nosed”). Lewis and Short call the origin doubtful and suggest a link with similis (“like”).

It is from Latin similis (“like”) + -ter. De Vaan traces similis to Proto-Italic *semali- (“alike, together”) and Proto-Indo-European *sm̥h₂-el-i-, comparing Old Irish samail (“similar”) and Ancient…

It is from Latin simul (“together”) + -tās, first “a coming together, an encounter” of two parties. De Vaan traces simul and similis to Proto-Italic *semali- (“alike, together”) and…

It is formed from Latin sī (“if”) and the particle -ne, shortened.

It is from Latin sincērus (“whole, sound, pure”) + -ē. De Vaan sets out sincērus as possibly from Proto-Italic *sm-kair/so- (“whole, intact”), with a query on its Indo-European form.

It is from Latin sēmi- (“half”) + caput (“head”), “half a head”, from a form *sēmi-caput. De Vaan notes that it keeps the ⟨u⟩ of the word for head, which anceps, biceps and praeceps weakened to ⟨i⟩…

De Vaan derives it from *sn(H)i, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sn̥h₁-i, perhaps an old locative, with Celtic and Indo-Iranian cognates: Old Irish sain- (“especially, different”), Sanskrit…

It is from Latin singulī (“one each, single”) + -im. De Vaan traces singulī to Proto-Italic *sem-g-(lo-) and Proto-Indo-European *s(e)m-gʰ- (“single”): following Meiser, he sees a distributive…

It is formed from Latin singulī (“one each, single”) + -ārius. Lewis & Short and Georges derive it instead from singulāris (“single, singular”). De Vaan traces singulī to Proto-Italic *sem-g-(lo-)…

It is from Latin sī (“if”) + quidem (“indeed”), written as one word.

It is from Latin situla (“bucket, urn”), a diminutive. The OLD analyses it as the stem of that noun with the suffix -ella.

It is formed from Latin sitis (“thirst”) + -iō, the verbal suffix. De Vaan derives ⟨sitis⟩ from Proto-Italic *(k)siti- and Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰi-ti- (“destruction, perishing”), cognate with…

It is probably formed from Latin sē- (“apart, without”) + ēbrius (“drunk”), with the negating prefix on the base, “away from drunkenness”. De Vaan explains its ⟨ō⟩ either from ⟨*swe-obrio-⟩, as…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σύκχος (súkkhos, “a kind of shoe”), a word that Wiktionary takes from Phrygian or another language of Asia Minor; the OLD compares συγχίς (sunkhís), a word for…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *swekuros, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros (“father-in-law”). Cognate with Sanskrit श्वशुर (śváśura-, “father-in-law”), Ancient Greek ἑκυρός (hekurós…

It is from Latin socors (“sluggish, inactive”) + -ia. De Vaan lists socors among the compounds of cor (“heart”), from ⟨*swe-kord-⟩ or ⟨*sēd-kord-⟩, “without heart”; he traces cor to Proto-Italic…

It is from Latin sē- (“apart, without”) + cor (“heart”). De Vaan reconstructs the compound as Proto-Italic *swe-kord- or *sēd-kord-, with the prefix perhaps assimilated to ⟨so-⟩. He traces cor to…

It is from Latin sodālis (“companion”) + -tās. De Vaan explains that noun as Proto-Italic *sweþāli-, an Italic derivative of a stem from Proto-Indo-European *sue-dhh1- (“custom, to get accustomed”)…

It is formed from Latin sōlus (“alone”) + -tūdō. The origin of sōlus is uncertain: de Vaan rejects the link with the reflexive ⟨*s(w)e⟩ “apart” that Walde and Hofmann, Pokorny and Ernout and Meillet…

It is formed from Latin sollicitus (“troubled, anxious”) + -tūdō, shortened by haplology. De Vaan explains ⟨sollicitus⟩ as “wholly stirred”, from sollus (“whole”) and ⟨citus⟩, the participle of cieō…

It is formed from Latin sollus (“whole, entire”) + citus (“stirred”), the participle of cieō (“to set in motion”): “stirred through and through”. De Vaan traces sollus to Proto-Italic *sollo-…

It is from Latin somnium (“dream”) + -ō. De Vaan derives somnium and somnus (“sleep”) from Proto-Italic *swe/opnjo- (“dream”) and *swe/opno- (“sleep”), from Proto-Indo-European *suépno- (“sleep”)…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *swopnjom (“dream”), formed on the root of somnus (“sleep”), and possibly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *swópn-yo-m, from the root *swep- (“to sleep”). De Vaan…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *swépōs (“sleep”), from Proto-Indo-European *suep- (“to sleep”). De Vaan suggests an old collective ⟨*su̯ep-ōs⟩, or the regular outcome of a neuter ⟨*suep-r̥⟩…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sorfeie-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *srobʰ-eie- (“to take various sips, slurp”). De Vaan compares Hittite šarāp- (“to sip”) and Ancient Greek ῥοφέω…

It is from Latin sordēs (“dirt”) + -eō. De Vaan traces sordēs to Proto-Italic *swordi- (“dirt”) and Proto-Indo-European *suord-o/i-, comparing Old High German swarz (“black”); it has no further…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *swordi- (“dirt”) or *swordo- (“dirty”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *suord-o/i-. If the word was originally an i-stem, it may continue an abstract noun…

It is from Latin sordidus (“dirty, squalid”) + -ātus, formed like albātus (“dressed in white”) and ātrātus (“dressed in black”). sordidus is made from sordēs (“dirt”), which de Vaan traces to…

It is from Latin sordidus (“dirty, mean”) + -ē. The adjective is formed from sordēs (“dirt, filth”). De Vaan suggests that the noun may go back to Proto-Italic *swordi- (“dirt”) and further to…

It is formed from Latin sordeō (“to be dirty”) + -idus, the verb of sordēs (“dirt”). De Vaan sets up Proto-Italic *swordi- (“dirt”) or ⟨*swordo-⟩ “dirty”, perhaps from ⟨*sword-⟩ and comparable with…

It is from Latin soror (“sister”) + -ius. The noun soror goes back to Proto-Italic *swesōr- (“sister”) and Proto-Indo-European *suésōr (“sister”); Latin generalised the ⟨-ōr-⟩ of the nominative…

It is formed from Latin sors (“lot”) + -iō, the verbal suffix. De Vaan traces ⟨sors⟩ to Proto-Italic *sorti- (“joining”) and Proto-Indo-European *sr̥-ti- (“joining, joint”), from the root of serō…

It is from Latin sortior (“to draw lots”) + -tiō. sortior is made from sors (“lot”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sorti- and Proto-Indo-European *sr-ti- (“joining, joint”), from the root of…

It is from Latin sortior (“to cast lots”): the ablative of its perfect participle ⟨sortītus⟩, used as an adverb. The verb is formed from sors (“lot”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *sorti-…

De Vaan takes it as inherited from Proto-Italic *sparg-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sp(e)r-g- (“to strew”), comparing Hittite išpār- (“to spread out, strew”) and Ancient Greek σπείρω…

It is from Latin speciō (“to look at”) + -men. De Vaan, who dates it from Plautus, traces speciō to Proto-Italic *spekje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-ie/o- (“to look”), comparing Sanskrit पश्यति…

It is formed from Latin spectō (“to look at, watch”) + -culum. spectō is the frequentative of speciō (“to look”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *speḱ- (“to look”).

It is from Latin spectō + -tor, an agent noun from the verb “to watch”, which is formed from speciō (“to look at”); it is a doublet of speculātor. De Vaan traces ⟨speciō⟩ to Proto-Italic *spekje/o-…

It is from Latin spectō (“to look at, watch”), its past participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan lists ⟨spectō⟩ under speciō (“to look”), from Proto-Italic *spekje/o- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is probably borrowed from Ancient Greek σφιγκτήρ (sphinktḗr, “cord, band”), taken into Latin before the Classical period.

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *splnd/þē-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *splnd(h)-eh₁- (“to be manifest”). Cognate with Old Irish sluindid (“to express, declare, name”) and Welsh ystlwn…

It is formed from Latin splendeō (“to shine”) + -or. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *splnd-ē- and Proto-Indo-European *spl̥nd-eh₁- (“to be manifest”), cognate with Old Irish sluindid (“to…

The origin is uncertain. It has been derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to spin”), but de Vaan finds that this rests only on the similar shape and is hard to defend in meaning. Köbler…

It is from Latin spōns (“will”), its ablative, ⟨spōns⟩ being a noun used only in this case and, rarely, in the genitive ⟨spontis⟩. Its origin is unclear: de Vaan finds the derivation from…

It is from Latin sporta (“basket”) + -ula, a diminutive. The OLD takes sporta from Ancient Greek σπυρίς (spurís, “basket”), from its accusative σπυρίδα (spurída), probably through Etruscan; Köbler…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD compares spurius (“illegitimate”) with a “perhaps”, Lewis & Short compared spargō (“to scatter”), and Köbler thinks it is probably of Etruscan origin. Wiktionary…

It is from Latin squālus (“filthy”) + -eō. Wiktionary connects it with squālor (“dirt, roughness”). De Vaan finds no etymology for the adjective; because of its initial ⟨squ-⟩ it is probably not an…

It is from Latin squāleō (“to be rough, be caked with dirt”) + -or. De Vaan lists it with ⟨squāleō⟩ and squāma (“scale”) under squālus, for which he finds no etymology; the initial ⟨squ-⟩ suggests…