simultas

Forms

simultās f (genitive simultātis); third declension^[1] The genitive plural is simultātium or simultātum.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin simul (“together”) + -tās, first “a coming together, an encounter” of two parties.^[1][2] De Vaan traces simul and similis to Proto-Italic *semali- (“alike, together”) and Proto-Indo-European *smh₂-el-i-.^[4] Cognate with Old Irish samail (“like”), Ancient Greek ὁμαλός (homalós, “level, even”) and Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌼𐌻𐌴 (simle, “once”).^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus,^[4][5] whose Pseudolus has a man afraid that the other will sell the girl because of their quarrel.^[2]

Semantic evolution

It is a state of hostility, a quarrel, feud or rivalry.^[2][3] Döderlein distinguishes it from odium and invidia, which are the feeling of aversion: simultas and inimīcitia are the outward state that the feeling produces.^[6] Hyginus uses it of a contest or trial, the task Aeetes set Jason.^[2]

Church Latin glosses it “enmity, jealousy, dissension, grudge, rivalry”.^[7]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a quarrel.^[2][4][5]
• 59 BC–17 AD – Livy, with the genitive plural simultatium.^[2][5]

Meanings

Noun

1. Enmity, a quarrel, feud, rivalry, grudge.^[2][3][1]
2. A contest, trial.^[2][1]

Related words

• simul
• similis
• inimīcitia

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
5. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
7. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson