Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is from Latin squāma (“scale of a fish or reptile”) + -ōsus, “full of scales”. De Vaan lists the base among the derivatives of squālus (“rough, filthy”), a family for which he finds no etymology…

It is from Latin stō (“to stand”) + -ūra. Lewis & Short connect it with status and take its first sense as "an upright posture". The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *sta-ē-je/o- (“to stand”) and…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek στέγη (stégē, “roof, covering”). Köbler takes the Greek word to Proto-Indo-European *steg- (“to cover”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sterkos-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sterḱ-o- (“befoulment, excrement”). Cognate with Breton stroñk (“excrement”), Welsh trwnc (“urine”), Hittite…

It is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“lacking, sterile”), through a Proto-Italic stem ⟨*ster-eli-⟩ or ⟨*ster-ī-⟩; the ⟨-ili-⟩ may be a diminutive suffix. Cognate with Sanskrit स्तरी…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *(p)ster-nu-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(p)st-(e)r-nu- (“to sneeze”). Latin and Greek, and perhaps Armenian, both have a present with a /nu/ suffix, but…

It is related to sternuō (“to sneeze”): de Vaan lists it with that verb, which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *(p)st-(e)r-nu- (“to sneeze”), and the OLD calls it cognate, comparing Old Irish…

It is formed from Latin stimulus (“goad, spur”). De Vaan lists ⟨stimulus⟩ under stilus (“stake, stylus”) and is unsure whether these words and stīva (“plough handle”) belong together; they might…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan suggests it may belong to an unattested verb meaning to be insensible, with the suffix ⟨-idus⟩, beside stultus (“stupid”), from Proto-Italic *stolto-. Pokorny…

It is from Latin sternō (“to spread”) + -mentum. Wiktionary takes it as a variant of strāmen with that suffix. De Vaan traces sternō to Proto-Italic *sterna- and Proto-Indo-European *st(e)r-n-h₃-…

It is from Latin strēnuus (“active, vigorous”) + -ē. The OLD compares the adjective with Ancient Greek στρηνής (strēnḗs, “strong, rough”), στρηνύζω (strēnúzō) and English stern; Wiktionary traces…

It is formed from Latin strepō (“to make a loud noise”) + -tus. De Vaan reconstructs the verb as Proto-Italic *strepe/o- and compares only Germanic words, Old Norse þrefa (“to quarrel”) and Old…

It is probably from Latin stringō (“to strip off, graze”), though the suffix is obscure. De Vaan places it with the second meaning of that verb, “to strip off, scratch, shave”, which goes back to…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek στρίξ (stríx, “screecher”), also στρίγξ (strínx). The OLD compares τρίζω (trízō) and strīdeō (“to make a shrill sound”), and Wiktionary calls the Greek word…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek στρόφιον (stróphion, “band”), from στρέφω (stréphō, “to turn, twist”). Georges explains it as something wound around.

It is formed from Latin stultus (“foolish”) + -itia. De Vaan derives ⟨stultus⟩ from ⟨*stolto-⟩, perhaps *stl̥-to-, and calls the further etymology uncertain, Pokorny connected it and stolidus…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *stoltos, and belongs with stolidus (“dull, stupid”). De Vaan reconstructs ⟨*stl-to-⟩ and calls the further origin uncertain; Pokorny derives both adjectives from…

It is formed from Latin stuprum (“disgrace, illicit intercourse”) + -ō. The origin of the noun is doubtful: the OLD suggests a connection with stupeō, Ancient Greek τύπτω (túptō, “to strike”) and…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *swādeje- (“to render agreeable”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *su(o)h₂d-eie- (“to make tasty”), a causative of the root of suāvis (“sweet, pleasant”); that…

It is from Latin suādeō (“to advise, recommend”) + -tor. De Vaan explains the verb as an old causative meaning “to make sweet, render agreeable”, beside suāvis (“sweet”); it goes back to…

It is from Latin suāvis (“sweet, pleasant”) + -tās. De Vaan traces suāvis to Proto-Italic *swādu- (“sweet”) and Proto-Indo-European *sueh₂d-u- (“sweet”): the old u-stem adjective was remade as an…

It is from Latin suāvis (“sweet, pleasant”) + -ter. De Vaan explains suāvis as an old u-stem adjective, Proto-Italic *swādu-, from Proto-Indo-European *sueh₂d-u- (“sweet”), which was remade as an…

It is from Latin subdō (“to put under; to substitute”) + -īvus. De Vaan lists the compounds in ⟨-dō⟩ “to put” as possibly going back to Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put”).

It is from Latin sub (“under”) + dolus (“deceit”). De Vaan traces dolus to Proto-Italic *dolo- (“trick”) and compares Ancient Greek δόλος (dólos, “bait, trick”); against the view that Latin borrowed…

It is formed from Latin sub- (“under, from below”) + dūcō (“to lead, draw”). De Vaan traces dūcō to Proto-Italic *doukō and Proto-Indo-European *deuk-e/o- (“to draw”), cognate with Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌽…

It is formed from Latin subitus (“sudden”) + -ō, the adverb ending. subitus is the past participle of subeō (“to come up, approach”); Wiktionary explains the sense through “coming up closely…

It is from Latin sub- + legō (“to gather, choose”). De Vaan derives that verb from Proto-Italic *leg-e- and Proto-Indo-European *leǵ-e/o- (“to collect”), and notes that the compounds in ⟨-legere⟩…

It is formed from Latin sub- + moveō (“to move”). De Vaan traces ⟨moveō⟩ to Proto-Italic *mow(a)- and Proto-Indo-European *mewh₁- (“to move”), and compares Hittite mau- (“to fall”).

It is from Latin sub- + nīxus (“leaning”), the participle of nītor (“to lean, strive”). De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *kniχw-et- for that verb and, with Walde–Hofmann and Pokorny, prefers to…

It is from Latin sub- (“from below”) + *olēs, a noun, “growth”, from the root of alō (“to nourish”), as in prōlēs (“offspring”) and indolēs (“nature”). Festus derived it from olēscō (“to grow”), as…

It is from Latin sub- + scrībō (“to write”). De Vaan traces scrībō to Proto-Italic *skreif-e/o- (“to carve”) and Proto-Indo-European *skreybʰ-e/o- (“to carve”). He compares Oscan scriftas…

It is formed from Latin sub- + sella (“seat”) + -ium, “a low seat”. Varro explained it as something not quite a ⟨sella⟩. De Vaan derives ⟨sella⟩ from Proto-Italic *sed-lā- (“seat”), from…

It is formed from Latin sub- (“under, behind”) + sedeō (“to sit”) + -ium; Lewis & Short take it from subsideō (“to sit in wait, remain behind”). De Vaan traces sedeō to Proto-Italic *sed-ē- and…

It is from Latin sub- + sīdō (“to sit down, settle”). De Vaan derives ⟨sīdō⟩ from Proto-Italic *sizd-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *si-sd-e/o- (“to sit down”), cognate with Umbrian sistu (“let him…

It is from Latin sub- + saliō (“to leap, jump”).

It is formed from Latin sub- (“under”) + sistō (“to stand, make stand”). De Vaan traces ⟨sistō⟩ to Proto-Italic *sista/o- and the reduplicated present Proto-Indo-European *sti-sth₂- (“to make…

It is formed from Latin sub- (“under”) + sum (“to be”). De Vaan traces ⟨sum⟩ to Proto-Italic *es- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

It is a noun from Latin sub- + texō (“to weave”) + -men, from ⟨*subteximen⟩ by way of ⟨*subtecmen⟩. Wiktionary explains the long ⟨ē⟩ as compensatory lengthening when ⟨*-ksm-⟩ was reduced. De Vaan…

It is from Latin subter (“beneath, secretly”) + fugiō (“to flee”). De Vaan traces fugiō to Proto-Italic *fug-i- and Proto-Indo-European *bhug-i- (“to flee”). Cognate with Ancient Greek φεύγω…

It is from Latin sub (“under”) with the ending of intus (“within”),

It is from Latin subvehō (“to carry up”) + -tō, a frequentative. That verb is a compound of sub- and vehō (“to carry”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *weχ-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin sub- + veniō (“to come”); Lewis and Short take the image from a military reserve coming up in support. De Vaan traces ⟨veniō⟩ to Proto-Italic *gʷn-je/o- (“to come”) and…

The OLD and VOLI analyse it as from Latin sub- + cēnseō (“to assess, judge”), and de Vaan lists it among the compounds of cēnseō. Lewis & Short and Wiktionary instead derive it from succēnsus (“set…

It is from Latin sūs (“pig, sow”) + -cula, literally “little sow”. The windlass is usually explained as a metaphor, the device with its attachments being compared to a sow with her litter; the…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *souko- (“juice”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sowḱ-o- (“juice”) (or ⟨*sewḱ-o-⟩). The root “to suck” appears as ⟨*suḱ-⟩ in Welsh sugno (“to suck”) and…

It is from Latin sub- + ferō (“to carry, bear”). De Vaan traces ferō to Proto-Italic *fere/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-e/o- (“to carry”), with Umbrian fertu (“to carry, bring”) among its Italic…

It is from Latin sub- (“under”) + fīgō (“to fix, fasten”). De Vaan traces the simple verb to Proto-Indo-European *dheigw-e/o- or Proto-Indo-European *dhiHgw-e/o-; the old forms ⟨fīvere⟩ and…

It is from Latin sub- + flō (“to blow”). De Vaan gives Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“to blow”), with a query, as the root of flō, and thinks it possible that sufflāmen (“brake for wheeled…

It is from Latin suffrāgor (“to vote for, support”) + -tor. De Vaan treats the family under suffrāgium (“vote”), based on a verb or noun ⟨*sub-frāg-⟩; as its oldest senses concern voting, he notes…

It is from Latin sub- (“under”) + fulciō (“to prop up”). De Vaan calls the origin of fulciō unclear: it is often connected with Ancient Greek φάλαγξ (phálanx, “beam”) and Old High German balko…

It is from Latin sub- (“under”) + fundō (“to pour”). De Vaan traces fundō to Proto-Italic *χund- and a nasal present Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰu-n-d- (“to pour”). Cognate with Ancient Greek χέω (khéō…

It is from Latin sūgō (“to suck”) + -men, from an older form ⟨*sugs-men⟩. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *soug(s)mn- (“udder”), from *souge/o- (“to suck”) and Proto-Indo-European *seug-e/o- (“to…

It is from Latin summus (“highest”) + -ē.

It is from Latin sūmptus (“expense”) + -ōsus. sūmptus comes from sūmō (“to take; to spend”), a compound that de Vaan files under emō (“to take; to buy”); he traces that verb to Proto-Italic *eme/o-…

It is formed from Latin sūmō (“to take; to spend”) + -tus. The verb is sub- with emō (“to take; to buy”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *eme- (“to take”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁em- (“to…

It seems to come from Latin super + legō (“to gather”), with the other cases influenced by an adjective stem in ⟨-ili-⟩. Wiktionary sets up an unattested *superlegō. De Vaan traces legō to…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *super, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *upér (“over, above”). The initial ⟨s-⟩, which the other languages lack, was added in Italic as in sub. Cognate with…

It is formed from Latin super- (“above”) and a noun cilium (“eyelid”). Since ⟨cilium⟩ is found only from Pliny the Elder, long after ⟨supercilium⟩, it can be explained as a back-formation from the…

It is from Latin super- (“above, over”) + sedeō (“to sit”). De Vaan derives sedeō from Proto-Italic *sed-ē- (“to be seated”) and Proto-Indo-European *sed-eh₁- (“to be seated”), a stative present…

It is formed from Latin super- (“over, above”) and a noun ⟨*-stat-⟩ “one who stands”, from stō (“to stand”); Wiktionary takes it from superstō (“to stand over, survive”). De Vaan derives ⟨stō⟩ from…