Latin words first recorded in the 3rd century BC

It is apparently from Latin suāvis (“sweet”) + -ium. Wiktionary reconstructs Proto-Italic *swāwiom, whose first /w/ was lost by dissimilation. De Vaan traces suāvis to Proto-Italic *swādu- (“sweet”)…

It is related to scabō (“to scratch”). De Vaan derives it from Proto-Italic *skafro- (“rough”) and Proto-Indo-European *skbʰ-ro-, of a root meaning to scratch or plane, comparing Lithuanian skõbti…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σκάφη (skáphē, “light boat, skiff”). Köbler connects the Greek word with σκάπτω (skáptō, “to dig”) and the root Proto-Indo-European *(s)kā̆p- (“to cut, split”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σκάφιον (skáphion), a diminutive of σκάφη (skáphē, “bowl; skiff”). Köbler groups it with scapha (“skiff”).

The origin is uncertain. It is perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-European *skeHt- (“to spring, leap”), and the OLD and Lewis & Short compare Lithuanian skàsti (“to jump, hop”).

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *skat-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *skt-. Cognate with Lithuanian skàsti (“to jump”). For the step from “jump” to “gush forth” de Vaan compares English…

It is formed from Latin scelus (“crime, wickedness”) + -ātus. Lewis & Short and Wiktionary take it as the perfect passive participle of scelerō (“to pollute, defile”), used as an adjective. De Vaan…

It is formed from Latin scelus (“crime, wickedness”) + -tus, like fūnestus (“deadly”) from ⟨fūnus⟩. De Vaan traces ⟨scelus⟩ to Proto-Italic *skelos and Proto-Indo-European *skel-os (“curve…

According to de Vaan it is inherited from Proto-Italic *skelos, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *skel-os (“curve, bending”), a neuter noun from the root *skel- (“to bend”). The meaning would have…

It is from Latin sciō (“to know”), its present participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan derives ⟨sciō⟩ from Proto-Italic *skije/o- (“to know”), perhaps a back-formation from nesciō (“not to know”)…

It is a contraction from Latin scīre (“to know”) + licet (“it is permitted”), “one may know”. It is built like vidēlicet and īlicet.

It is from Latin scintilla (“spark”) + -ō, a verb formed from the noun.

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan tentatively sets up Proto-Italic *skeip- and Proto-Indo-European *sḱeip-o- (“pole, stick”), with Ancient Greek σκῑ́πων (skī́pōn, “staff, stick”) as the cognate, and…

The origin is unknown. De Vaan finds no etymology for it. Formally it could continue Proto-Italic *skerpo-, which he gives with a query, from the root Proto-Indo-European *skerp- (“to pluck, cut…

It is from Latin scīscō (“to seek to know”) + -itō. That verb is made from sciō (“to know”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *skije/o- (“to know”) and perhaps to Proto-Indo-European *skh₁-i(e/o)-…

It is from Latin scītus (“knowing, clever”) + -ē, the participle of scīscō (“to learn, decree”) used as an adjective. De Vaan traces the base sciō to Proto-Italic *skije/o- (“to know”) and…

It is from Latin scīscō (“to seek to know”) + -tō, built on the stem ⟨scīt-⟩ of its participle. Lewis and Short derive it directly from sciō (“to know”), and de Vaan lists it among the derivatives…

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle from Latin scīscō (“to get to know, approve”), with an active sense. scīscō is derived from sciō (“to know”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

The suffix is inherited from Proto-Italic *-skō, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *-sḱéti. Fortson writes the parent suffix *-sk̑é/ó-, accented and thematic, added to the zero grade of the root…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σκόμβρος (skómbros, “mackerel”). The origin of the Greek word is unclear; Wiktionary suggests it may ultimately be of Pre-Greek origin.

It is probably borrowed from Etruscan, as Walde and Hofmann and the OLD hold. Pokorny and Meiser proposed Proto-Indo-European *sk(w)r̥sa from a root *skers- (“to jump”), but de Vaan calls this a…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *skoito- (“shield”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *skoi-to- (“piece of wood, sheath, shield”), a derivative of the root *skei-, which de Vaan takes as a…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σκύφος (skúphos, “cup”). Köbler, following Frisk, calls the further origin of the Greek word unexplained.

It is formed from Latin sē- (“apart”) + cēdō (“to go”). De Vaan derives ⟨cēdō⟩ from Proto-Italic *kesde- (“to go away, avoid”) and, following Lubotsky, Proto-Indo-European *ḱyesdʰ- (“to drive away…

It is from Latin sēcernō (“to separate, set apart”), its participle, used as an adjective. The verb is formed from sē- (“apart”) and cernō (“to sift, separate”), which de Vaan derives from…

It is from Latin secundus (“following; second”), whose neuter is used as an adverb and a preposition. De Vaan explains that adjective as a preform Proto-Italic *sekwo-ndo- (“following”), made from…

It is from Latin sex (“six”) + decem (“ten”). De Vaan explains the long /ē/ by the voicing and loss of /ks/ before /d/, as in sēnī. He traces sex to Proto-Italic *seks and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin sedēns (“sitting”) + -ārius, from the present participle of sedeō (“to sit”). De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *sed-ē- (“to be seated”), from Proto-Indo-European *sed-eh₁-…

It is formed from Latin sedeō (“to sit”) (from its root). De Vaan notes that it must first have meant “to make someone sit down, appease”, and derives the root from Proto-Italic *sed-ē- (“to be…

It is from Latin sē- (“apart, aside”) + dūcō (“to lead”). De Vaan traces dūcō to Proto-Italic *douk-e- and Proto-Indo-European *deuk-e/o- (“to draw”).

It is from Latin sē (“apart, without”) + dolus (“guile”), in the ablative, originally “without guile”. De Vaan, following Meiser, traces it to an older ⟨*sē dolōd⟩, with ⟨sē-⟩ from ⟨*sēd-⟩. He…

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan sets up Proto-Italic *sēk-ni- or ⟨*sēg-ni-⟩, an adjective in ⟨-ni-⟩ like lēnis and omnis, and compares the root of Ancient Greek ἦκα (êka, “slightly, softly”) and…

It is from Latin sēgnis (“slow, sluggish”) + -itia. De Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *sēk/g-ni- for the adjective, an adjective in ⟨*-ni-⟩ like lēnis; its root may be that of Ancient Greek ἦκα…

It is from Latin sē- (“apart”) + grex (“flock”) + -ō, “to set apart from the flock”. De Vaan explains it as built on a phrase ⟨*sē grege⟩ “beside the herd”, as ēgregius is on ⟨*ē grege⟩. He traces…

1. The prefix “one” is inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sm- (“one”), the form the root of “one” takes in compounds. It is no longer a word of its own and appears only as the first part of…

It is from Latin sēmen (“seed”), which belongs to serō (“to sow”). De Vaan, following Leumann, thinks it may have been reshaped from an earlier neuter *sēmentum, and Wiktionary gives the same view…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sēmi-, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sēm-i (“in one”), originally a locative singular. De Vaan explains the sense as having moved from “(in) one” to “one of…

It is formed from Latin sēmen (“seed”) + -ō. De Vaan treats the verb, with sēmen, under serō (“to sow”), and the noun goes back to Proto-Italic *sēmn̥ and Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-mn̥ (“seed”).

It is from Latin sēmi- (“half”) + somnus (“sleep”), with the adjective endings ⟨-us⟩ and ⟨-is⟩. De Vaan traces the noun to Proto-Italic *swe/opno- (“sleep”) and Proto-Indo-European *suépno-…

It is from Latin sē- (“aside”) + meō (“to go, pass”), a “going aside”: de Vaan explains it as ⟨*sē-mit-⟩, a compounded root noun with a t-suffix, like trāmes (“footpath”). The verb meō goes back to…

It is from Latin sem- + -per, from the stem *sem- (“one”) of semel (“once”) with the suffix of duration ⟨-per⟩ (as in nūper and paulīsper), literally “once for all”. Compare Ancient Greek ἕν (hén…

It is formed from Latin semper (“always”) + -ternus, like hesternus (“of yesterday”) from ⟨herī⟩ and aeternus (“eternal”) from ⟨aevum⟩. De Vaan derives ⟨semper⟩ from Proto-Italic *sm̥-per (“once and…

It is from Latin senectus (“old”), its feminine, used as a noun. The adjective comes from senex (“old man”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *seno- (“old”) and Proto-Indo-European *sen-…

It is formed from Latin senex (“old; old man”) + -tūs, with the suffix of abstract nouns. senex goes back to Proto-Italic *seno- (“old”) and Proto-Indo-European *sen- (“old”); the nominative added a…

The OLD derives it from Latin senex (“old man”) + -ium; Lewis & Short connect it with seneō (“to be old”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of senex, and notes it may be formed from an o-stem…

It is from Latin sentiō (“to perceive”) + -im, formed on the participle stem ⟨sēns-⟩. Lewis & Short explain the first sense as “perceptibly”, as opposed to suddenly. De Vaan traces sentiō to…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD tentatively compares Ancient Greek ξαίνω (xaínō, “to card, comb”), and Wiktionary and Köbler connect it with Pokorny's root Proto-Indo-European *ksen- (“to scratch…

It is from Latin sex (“six”) + -nus, from a pre-Latin ⟨*seksnos⟩. De Vaan explains its form by the loss of ⟨*ks⟩ before ⟨n⟩, as in sēdecim (“sixteen”); he traces sex to Proto-Italic *seks and…

It is the adverb from Latin seorsus (“separate”), contracted from ⟨*sēvorsus⟩: sē- (“apart”) with the participle of vertō “to turn”. De Vaan lists it among the words with the prefix in its short…

It is from Latin septem (“seven”) + triō (“plough ox”), the seven plough oxen. Wiktionary derives triō from terō (“to rub, tread”), after the way the stars seem to mill round the pole. De Vaan…

It is from Latin septem (“seven”) + -ēnī. Wiktionary takes it to come from an earlier ⟨*septemsnos⟩.

It is from Latin septem (“seven”) + centum (“hundred”). De Vaan explains the form as a regular outcome of ⟨*septengentoi⟩, from Proto-Indo-European *septm-dḱmt-oi. He traces septem to Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin sepeliō (“to bury”) + -crum, the instrument suffix, like fulcrum from fulciō. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *sepel-je/o- (“to bury”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin sequor (“to follow”), its present participle, used as an adjective. De Vaan traces ⟨sequor⟩ to Proto-Italic *sekw-e/o- (“to follow”) and Proto-Indo-European *sekw-e/o- (“to follow…

It is a derivative from Latin secus (“otherwise, beside”) + -ter, the contrastive suffix, from an older ⟨*sequos⟩. Wiktionary compares the same suffix in magister and minister. De Vaan lists it…

It is from Latin sērius (“serious”) + -ō, an adverbial ablative. De Vaan traces the adjective to Proto-Italic *sēr-jo- and Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-ro- (“slow, heavy”).

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan's tentative reconstruction makes it inherited from Proto-Italic *sersā- (“saw”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sers-h2- (“cutting off”); within Latin the best…

It is from Latin servō (“to save, keep, watch”) + -tor. De Vaan reports Rix's view that the verb comes from an older noun “observation, heed”, going back to Proto-Italic *serwā- (“observation”) and…

It is from Latin servus (“slave”) + -ulus, a diminutive, in Old Latin ⟨servolus⟩. De Vaan traces servus to Proto-Italic *serwo- (“shepherd”) and Proto-Indo-European *ser-u-o- (“guardian”), following…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *sēto- (“late, slow”) with a comparative suffix: de Vaan explains the adverb as an ⟨-io-⟩ derivative of that adjective, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-to- (“late…