Latin words first recorded in the 2nd century BC

It is from Latin con- + emō (“to buy”). De Vaan traces emō to Proto-Italic *eme/o- (“to take”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁em-e/o- (“to take”), comparing Lithuanian im̃ti (“to take”) and Oscan emmens…

Used as a noun, it is the neuter past participle from Latin cōgitō (“to think, consider”).

It is from Latin commemorō (“to call to mind, mention”) + -tiō. commemorō is formed from memor (“mindful”), which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of meminī (“to remember”), from the perfect stem…

It is the perfect passive participle from Latin commoveō (“to stir up, agitate”), used as an adjective. commoveō is a compound of con- and moveō (“to move”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin con- + -periō, a verb that is found also in experior (“to try”) and reperiō (“to find”), and in perīculum (“trial, danger”) and perītus (“experienced”). The TLL thinks its…

It is formed from Latin cōnor (“to try, attempt”) + -tus, the noun suffix. De Vaan derives ⟨cōnor⟩ from Proto-Italic *kōnāje- (“to attempt”); a root ⟨*ḱōn-⟩ “ascent” is uncertain, and he compares…

It is from Latin con- + certō (“to contend”).

It is from Latin concors (“of one mind, agreeing”) + -ō.

It is from Latin con- + *cumbō, a form of cubō (“to lie”) also seen in the compounds accumbō, incumbō and prōcumbō.

It is from Latin cōnflīgō (“to strike together, clash”) + -tō, a frequentative. That verb is con- with flīgō (“to strike”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *flīg- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin con- (“with, together”) + *gruō, the verbal element also found in ingruō (“to fall upon”). Its origin is doubtful: the OLD suggests a cognate in Ancient Greek ἔχραον (ékhraon), and…

It is from Latin con- + tegō (“to cover”). The verb tegō goes back to Proto-Italic *tegō and Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”). Cognate with Ancient Greek στέγω (stégō, “to keep off, keep…

It is formed from Latin continēns (“self-restrained”) + -ia, ⟨continēns⟩ being the present participle of contineō (“to hold together, restrain”). De Vaan traces ⟨teneō⟩ to Proto-Italic *t(e)nē- (“to…

It is from Latin contumēliōsus (“insulting”) + -ē. contumēliōsus comes from contumēlia (“insult”), which de Vaan, like contumāx, derives from a verb *contumeō (“to be proud”), built on tumeō (“to…

It is from Latin con- + volō (“to fly”). De Vaan derives volō from Proto-Italic *gʷela-je/o-, and finds it conceivable that this goes back to Proto-Indo-European *gʷelh₁- (“to raise the arm…

It is from Latin corrigō (“to put right”) + -tor, made on the participle ⟨corrēctus⟩. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of regō (“to direct”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *reg-e/o- and…

It is from Latin cursō (“to run to and fro”) + -itō (“frequentative suffix”), and so a frequentative built on a frequentative: Latin grammarians called it the third degree after currō (“to run”) and…

It is formed from Latin dēfendō (“to ward off, defend”) + -tor, the agent suffix. ⟨dēfendō⟩ is dē- with an unattested ⟨*fendō⟩ “to strike”, from Proto-Italic *fendō and Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-…

It is formed from Latin dē- (“off, completely”) + fungor (“to perform, discharge”). De Vaan derives ⟨fungor⟩ from Proto-Italic *fung-e/o- and the nasal present Proto-Indo-European *bʰu-n-g- (“to be…

It is from Latin dēlectō (“to delight”) + -tiō. De Vaan files dēlectō under laciō (“to draw, entice”), a verb known only from Festus, which he traces to Proto-Italic *lak-i- (“to draw, pull”).

It is from Latin dēmittō (“to let down, lower”), its past participle, used as an adjective. ⟨dēmittō⟩ is from dē- and mittō (“to let go, send”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin dē- + pectō (“to comb”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of pectō, which he traces to Proto-Italic *petke/o- (“to comb”); he finds attractive Pinault's view that this…

It is from Latin dē- + prāvus (“crooked”), a verb made from the adjective. De Vaan finds no etymology for prāvus.

It is formed from Latin dēterō (“to rub away, wear down”) + -mentum: “a rubbing off”. The verb is dē- with terō (“to rub”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *tera- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin dis- + iūdicō (“to judge”). De Vaan derives iūdex (“judge”) from a compound of iūs “law” with the root of dīcō “to say”.

It is from Latin dīlūcidus (“clear, lucid”) + -ē. De Vaan lists the adjective from Terence on among the derivatives of lūx (“light”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *louk- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin dis- + ruō (“to tear out, dig”), with the transitive verb. De Vaan lists it under the ⟨ruō⟩ that means “to dig”, from Proto-Italic *rowe/o- and Proto-Indo-European *(H)reuH-e/o-…

It is from Latin discēdō (“to go apart, depart”) + -tiō. De Vaan traces cēdō to Proto-Italic *kesd-e/o- (“to go away”) and, following Lubotsky, to Proto-Indo-European *ḱiesdʰ- (“to drive away; go…

It is from Latin dis- + scrībō (“to write”). De Vaan traces scrībō to Proto-Italic *skreif-e/o- (“to carve”) and Proto-Indo-European *skreibʰ-e/o- (“to carve”). Cognate with Oscan scriftas…

It is formed from Latin dis- (“apart”) + spargō (“to scatter”). De Vaan traces spargō to Proto-Italic *sparg- and Proto-Indo-European *sp(e)r-g- (“to strew”), cognate with Hittite išpār- (“to spread…

It is from Latin dis- + torqueō (“to twist”). De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of torqueō, a causative verb that goes back to Proto-Italic *torkʷ-eie- and Proto-Indo-European *torkʷ-eie- (“to…

It is from Latin eius (“of this, of that”) + modī, ⟨eius⟩ being the genitive of is (“he, that”), and ⟨modī⟩, the genitive of modus (“measure, manner”), “of that manner”. De Vaan derives ⟨is⟩ from…

It is formed from Latin ēloquēns (“eloquent”) + -ia, the present participle of ēloquor (“to speak out”), from ex- (“out”) and loquor (“to speak”). De Vaan traces loquor to Proto-Italic *(t)lokʷ-e/o-…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔφηβος (éphēbos, “adolescent”). The Greek word is made from ἐπί (epí, “on, at”) and ἥβη (hḗbē, “youth, puberty”).

It is formed from Latin et (“and”) + enim (“for, indeed”). De Vaan derives ⟨enim⟩ from the accusative of a pronoun Proto-Italic *eno- (“that one”).

It is from Latin ex- + vānēscō (“to vanish”), an inchoative of vānus (“empty”). De Vaan traces that adjective to Proto-Italic *wāno- or Proto-Italic *wā̆sno-, and compares Sanskrit वायति (vā́yati…

It is formed from Latin ex- + carnificō, from the intensive prefix and carnificō (“to execute, mangle”), itself from carnifex (“executioner”), a compound of carō (“flesh”) and faciō (“to make, do”)…

It is from Latin ex- + carpō (“to pluck”), with ⟨a⟩ weakened to ⟨e⟩ in the compound. De Vaan traces carpō to Proto-Italic *karp- and Proto-Indo-European *kerp-e/o- (“to pick, pluck”). He compares…

It is formed from Latin exclūdō + -tiō. The verb is formed from ex- and claudō (“to shut”). For that verb de Vaan reconstructs Proto-Italic *klaud-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂u-d- (“to…

It is formed from Latin exīstimō (“to judge, think”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists the verb under aestimō (“to value, estimate”), whose origin is uncertain: Havet's derivation from aes (“bronze”) and a noun…

It is from Latin exprōbrō (“to reproach, upbraid”) + -tiō. That verb is made from ex- and probrum (“shameful act, reproach”), which de Vaan explains as an old adjective, Proto-Italic *pro-fr-o-…

It is from Latin fācundus (“eloquent”) + -ia. The adjective fācundus belongs to for (“to speak”), though the origin of its suffix is uncertain. De Vaan traces the verb to Proto-Italic *fā- (“to…

The origin is disputed. Walde–Hofmann and Ernout–Meillet connected it with foveō (“to warm”), and the OLD and the TLL do the same, but de Vaan points out that ⟨fav-⟩ conflicts with ⟨fov-⟩ if both…

It is formed from Latin fēlīx (“fruitful; fortunate”) + -tās. De Vaan traces fēlīx to Proto-Italic *fēl(w)ī- (“suckling”) and Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-l(u)-i-, from the root Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin fortis (“strong, brave”) + -tūdō. De Vaan finds the origin of ⟨fortis⟩, older ⟨forctus⟩, undecided: it may be Proto-Italic *forkti/o- from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorǵʰ-to-…

It is an action noun from Latin gerō (“to carry, conduct”) + -tus. De Vaan traces ⟨gerō⟩ to Proto-Italic *ges-e/o- (“to carry”) and Proto-Indo-European *h2ǵ-es- (“to carry”), an extension of the…

The origin is uncertain. The adjective is related to cracēns (“slender”), which survives only in Paulus' abridgement of Festus and may be the original form, with its first consonant later changed to…

It is from Latin habeō (“to have, hold”) + -tūdō, formed on the stem of the participle habitus.

Although it is attested earlier, it is probably from Latin helluor (“to spend immoderately on food and luxuries”). De Vaan thinks that verb implies an older noun or adjective such as *helluus or…

It is from Latin homō (“human being”), formed with the suffix -iō on an unattested diminutive ⟨*homuncus⟩. De Vaan lists it with homullus and homunculus among the derivatives of homō, which he…

It is from Latin hūmānus (“human; kind”) + -ē. The adjective is related to homō (“human being”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰ(e)m-ōn (“earthling”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + līberālis (“of a free man, generous”). De Vaan lists līberālis among the derivatives of līber (“free”) (from Naevius on), which goes back to Proto-Italic *leuþ-ero-…

It is from Latin in- + lūdō (“to play”). De Vaan derives ⟨lūdō⟩ from Proto-Italic *loid-e/o- (“to play”) and Proto-Indo-European *loid- (“to let go frequently, play”), cognate with Lithuanian léisti…

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + potēns (“powerful”). De Vaan derives ⟨potēns⟩ from a stative verb Proto-Italic *potē- (“to be master”), from the noun *poti- (“master”), Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin impotēns (“powerless; ungovernable”) + -ia. impotēns is the negative of potēns (“powerful”), which de Vaan derives from a verb Proto-Italic *pot-ē- (“to be master”), built on…

It is from Latin imprūdēns (“unaware, unwise”) + -ia. The adjective is in- (“not”) and prūdēns (“foreseeing, wise”), which de Vaan explains as a contraction of prōvidēns (“foreseeing”), from videō…

It is formed from Latin incipiō (“to begin”) + -tiō.

The OLD and Wiktionary analyse it as from Latin in- + curvus (“curved”). The TLL reports that Brender took it as a back-formation from the verb incurvō (“to bend”), like recurvus, while Leumann…

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + dictus (“said”), the participle of dīcō (“to say”). De Vaan traces that verb to Proto-Italic *deik-e/o- (“to say”) and Proto-Indo-European *deiḱ- (“to show”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἰνδικός (indikós, “Indian”), from Ἰνδία (Indía, “India”). Köbler refers it to the people's name Indī. The English word Indic was taken from it or from the Greek…