Latin words first recorded in the 1st century

It is the perfect participle from Latin dīluō (“to wash away, dilute”), used as an adjective.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐλεφαντίασις (elephantíasis), from ἐλέφας (eléphas, “elephant; ivory”), which in Greek was itself also a name of the disease. Vegetius explains that the disease is…

It is a derivative from Latin febris (“fever”) + -itō. The TLL suggests it was formed from an obsolete adjective ⟨*febricitus⟩, comparing sollicitus. The noun goes back to Proto-Italic *feχwri-…

It is formed from Latin fēlēs (“marten, wild cat”) + -īnus. De Vaan finds no etymology for fēlēs; a connection with Welsh bele (“marten”) is possible, but fēlēs could go back to other preforms.

It is from Latin fluō (“to flow”) + -or.

It is from Latin fricō (“to rub”) + -tiō. De Vaan treats fricō under friō (“to crumble”): the verb presupposes an adjective Proto-Italic *fri-k-, probably formed secondarily beside the adjective…

It is from Latin gestō (“to carry about”) + -tiō. gestō is a frequentative of gerō (“to carry”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *ges-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂ǵ-es- (“to carry”)…

It is from Latin gibber (“hump-backed; hump”) according to de Vaan and Wiktionary, who treat it under that word; the OLD instead sets up an earlier *gibus and only compares the two. De Vaan notes…

It is a diminutive from Latin glāns (“acorn”) + -ula. Ancient grammarians derived it from glandium (“a kernel in meat”). glāns goes back to Proto-Italic *gʷland(i)- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is probably inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerH-ni-eh₂, from *ǵʰerH- (“bowels, intestines”). The TLL derives it from a stem *herno- (“gut”), and the OLD and Walde compare haruspex. De Vaan…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἰατραλείπτης (iatraleíptēs). Köbler compares ἰατρός (iātrós, “physician”).

It is usually taken as from Latin impetō (“to attack”) + -īgō. The OLD and the TLL compare dēpetīgō, a word for a similar eruption. Serenus Sammonicus already explained the disease as named after…

It is from Latin in- + probābilis (“commendable, plausible”). The TLL prefers this analysis to a derivation from improbō (“to disapprove”). probābilis comes from probō (“to approve”), a verb from…

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + comprehēnsibilis (“that can be grasped”). The TLL compares Ancient Greek ἀκατάληπτος (akatálēptos).

It is from Latin in- + valēscō (“to grow strong”), with the intensive prefix. valēscō is formed from valeō (“to be strong”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *wal-ē- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + ratiōnālis (“rational, of reason”). De Vaan derives ratiō (“calculation, account, reason”) from the participle of reor (“to think, reckon”), whose original sense he…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek λάδανον (ládanon), also λήδανον (lḗdanon), the name of a resin from the shrub called cistus. Beekes takes the Greek word to be originally a Semitic loan, comparing…

It is formed from Latin lēns (“lentil”) + -cula, a diminutive.

It is from Latin medicīna (“the art of medicine”) + -ālis. medicīna is formed from medicus (“doctor”), from medeor (“to heal”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *med- (“to measure”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek μεταλλικός (metallikós), from μέταλλον (métallon, “metal, ore”). Wiktionary, Georges and Gaffiot treat it instead as formed within Latin, from Latin metallum…

It is from Latin ōscitō (“to gape, yawn”) + -tiō. De Vaan lists the verb among the derivatives of ōs (“mouth”). The grammarian Donatus explained the word as coming from setting the mouth in motion…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πετροσέλινον (petrosélīnon, “rock parsley”), a compound of πέτρος (pétros, “stone”) and σέλινον (sélinon, “celery, parsley”). Köbler calls the further origin of…

It is from Latin puls (“porridge”) + -ārius, and so originally a vessel for making porridge. The TLL compares Spanish puchero.

It is from Latin speciālis (“particular, special”) + -ter. Köbler traces it further to speciēs (“appearance, kind”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek συκόμορος (sukómoros, “fig-mulberry”), from σῦκον (sûkon, “fig”) and μόρον (móron, “mulberry”). Etymonline reports that many think the Greek word more likely a folk…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek τένων (ténōn, “sinew, tendon”). Köbler connects it with the root Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis, “ginger”), from a Middle Indic (Prakrit) Prakrit siṃgivera. The Indic word is probably Dravidian in the end: Wiktionary derives it from Old…

It is formed from Latin accumulō (“to heap up”) + -tiō. It is the source of English accumulation.

It is formed from Latin adōrō + -tiō, a noun of action from the verb meaning “to worship”.

It is formed from Latin adversus (“turned against, hostile”) + -tās, the adjective being the past participle of advertō (“to turn towards”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀνώνυμος (anṓnumos, “nameless”), made of ἀ- (a-, “not”) and ὄνομα (ónoma, “name”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀφροδίτη (Aphrodítē), the name of the Greek goddess of love. The origin of the Greek name is unclear. Beekes notes that the old connection with ἀφρός (aphrós…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀφύη (aphúē, “small fry”). Köbler, following Frisk, notes that the further origin of the Greek word is unexplained.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”), which is from ἅπτω (háptō, “to fasten, touch”).

It is formed from Latin arō + -bilis, from the verb meaning “to plough”. The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *araje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃-ie/o- (“to plough”).

It is a shortened form from Latin arrabō (“earnest money, pledge”). Arrabō is from Ancient Greek ἀρραβών (arrhabṓn), which Wiktionary derives from Biblical Hebrew עֵרָבוֹן (ʿērāḇōn, “guarantee…

It is formed from Latin articulō + -tiō, a noun of action from the verb meaning “to divide into joints”. The verb comes from articulus (“joint, limb”), a diminutive of artus (“joint”), which de Vaan…

It is formed from Latin assimilō + -tiō, from the verb meaning “to make like”, beside the commoner Classical form assimulātiō, from assimulō. Both verbs go back to similis (“like”), which de Vaan…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀστήρ (astḗr, “star”), which goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). The TLL notes Bücheler's doubt, for the sense “star, destiny” in an inscription…

It is from Latin bāca (“berry”) + -ula, a diminutive.

It arose in the manuscripts of Pliny the Elder as a corrupt spelling of basanītēs, the name of a hard stone used as a touchstone: the manuscripts read ⟨basalten⟩ where ⟨basaniten⟩ was meant. That…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs) (understood with λίθος (líthos, “stone”)), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”). Köbler and Etymonline give the Greek word an Egyptian origin…

The origin is unknown. Köbler suggests a Celtic source or a connection with Proto-Indo-European *gʷeru- (“spit, pole”), and Wiktionary traces it to Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”)…

It is probably onomatopoeic, imitating the call of a hawk or buzzard, and so, de Vaan argues, not related by descent to būbō (“owl”). The OLD also calls it onomatopoeic and compares the owl's name…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κάκτος (káktos, “cardoon”). Beekes calls the Greek word a foreign word of unknown origin, and notes that Furnée took its ⟨κτ⟩ to point to Pre-Greek.

It is formed from Latin caedō (“to cut, fell”) + -ūra.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κάλυξ (kálux, “cup or calyx of a flower, husk, shell”). Lewis and Short and Etymonline connect the Greek word with καλύπτω (kalúptō, “to cover”); Beekes, however…

It is from Latin camīnus (“furnace, oven”) + -ō.

It is from Latin capillātus (“having hair”) + -ūra, formed on the adjective made from capillus (“hair”). Wiktionary explains it as capillus with the suffix -tūra, as if through a verb meaning “to…

It is formed from Latin carō (“flesh”) + vorō (“to devour”) with the adjective ending ⟨-us⟩. The first element goes back to Proto-Indo-European *k(e)rH-n- (“piece”), the second to…

It is from Latin carpentum (“two-wheeled carriage”) + -ārius. The noun is the adjective used on its own, short for ⟨artifex carpentārius⟩, “carriage-making craftsman”.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek καθολικός (katholikós, “general, universal”), from καθόλου (kathólou, “on the whole, in general”), a phrase made of κατά (katá, “according to”) and ὅλος (hólos…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek καυστικός (kaustikós, “capable of burning, corrosive”). The Greek adjective comes from καυστός (kaustós, “burnt, combustible”), the verbal adjective of καίω (kaíō…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κέλης (kélēs, “racehorse; fast-sailing boat”). The TLL and Georges compare the native celox, which Lewis & Short call the pure Latin word for the boat. Köbler…

It is from Latin chronicus (“of time; in the form of annals”), its neuter plural, used as a noun, and renders Ancient Greek τὰ χρονικά (tà khroniká), the Greek “(books) of time”. The adjective goes…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κλινική (klinikḗ, “(the art) at the sickbed”), with the noun τέχνη (tékhnē, “art”) understood. The Greek word is made on κλίνη (klínē, “bed, couch”), which Köbler…

It is from Latin conceptus, its neuter, ⟨conceptus⟩ being the perfect participle of concipiō (“to take in; to conceive”), used as a noun.

It is from Latin condō (“to put away, store; to bury”) + -tōrium. De Vaan counts that verb among the compounds that may contain Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁- (“to put”), though in such compounds the…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin cōnstringō (“to bind together, tie tightly”). The simple verb stringō goes back to Proto-Indo-European *strengh-e/o- (“to draw, tie”) in…

It is formed from Latin cremō (“to burn”) + -tiō. De Vaan takes cremō to be probably a denominative verb, but finds no certain further connection.