Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is formed from Latin concutiō + -tiō. concutiō (“to shake violently”) is made of con- and quatiō (“to shake, strike”), whose origin de Vaan finds unclear: it may go back to Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin cōnflagrō (“to burn up”) + -tiō. The verb is a compound of flagrō (“to blaze”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *flagro- and Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥g-ro- (“burning”).

It is from Latin cōnsummō (“to sum up, complete”), its past participle, used as an adjective. That verb is a compound of con- and summa (“sum, total”), from summus (“highest”), which de Vaan traces…

It is from Latin contemplor (“to observe, contemplate”), with the suffix -īvus. It was formed after Ancient Greek θεωρητικός (theōrētikós), and is the opposite of activus.

It is from Latin corpus (“body”) + -ālis. De Vaan traces corpus to Proto-Italic *korp-os- and Proto-Indo-European *ḱrp-os- (“body”). Cognate with Old English hrif (“belly, womb”) and Old High German…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κρυστάλλινος (krustállinos, “of crystal”), the adjective of κρύσταλλος (krústallos), which meant “ice” in Homer and later also “rock crystal”. Beekes rejects the…

It is from Latin diffundō + -tiō, a noun of action from the verb meaning “to pour out, spread widely”. The verb is formed from dis- and fundō (“to pour”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin dispiciō (“to discern, consider”) + -tus. That verb is from dis- and speciō (“to look”), which de Vaan derives from Proto-Italic *spekje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-ie/o- (“to…

1. The adjective “arranged” is from Latin dispōnō (“to place here and there, arrange”), its past participle. 2. The noun “arrangement” is from Latin dispōnō (“to place here and there, arrange”)…

It is from Latin dōnō (“to give, present”) + -tor.

It is from Latin ēlīdō + -tiō, an action noun from the verb meaning “to strike out, force out”.

It is formed from Latin ex- + nervus (“sinew”) + -is, the adjective ending; compare ēnervō (“to enervate”). De Vaan traces nervus to Proto-Italic *(s)nēuro- and Proto-Indo-European *snéh₁-ur…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἔνθεος (éntheos, “possessed by a god, inspired”), which Köbler analyses as ἐν (en, “in”) and θεός (theós, “god”).

It is formed from Latin errō (“wanderer, vagabond”) + -eus, a noun made from the verb errō (“to wander”).

It is formed from Latin ēvapōrō (“to evaporate”) + -tiō. The verb is made from ex- and vapor (“steam”).

It is formed from Latin excavō + -tiō. The verb is formed from ex- and cavō (“to hollow out”), from cavus (“hollow”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *kawo- and Proto-Indo-European *ḱouH-ó-…

It is from Latin excerpō (“to pick out, select”), the neuter of its past participle used as a noun. The verb is formed from ex- and carpō (“to pluck”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *karp- and…

It is from Latin excutiō (“to shake out, throw off”), its past participle used as an adjective. The verb is formed from ex- and quatiō (“to shake”). De Vaan traces the simple verb to Proto-Italic…

Used as an adjective, it is the past participle from Latin expōnō (“to set out, expose”). That verb is ex- with pōnō (“to put, place”), which de Vaan explains as ⟨*po-sinō⟩ “to put down”, from…

It is from Latin ex- + undō (“to surge, flow in waves”); the TLL compares abundō. That verb comes from unda (“wave”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *udōr and Proto-Indo-European *ud-ōr…

The origin is uncertain. The OLD takes it as imitative, and the TLL suggests that the box may have been named after the sound of falling dice, comparing fritinniō (“to twitter”).

It is from Latin gelū (“frost, ice”), a verb formed on the noun; the TLL traces it both to the noun and to the compound congelō (“to freeze”). The noun goes back to Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“cold…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs), which Lewis & Short and Georges gloss as a threshing floor, usually round; Georges explains the halo as named after it by metonymy. Etymonline gives…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek εἶδος (eîdos, “form, shape”), which Wiktionary and Köbler trace to Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“to see”).

It is from Latin impatiēns (“unable to bear”) + -ia.

It is formed from Latin imprecor (“to call down upon”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + concussus (“shaken”), the past participle of concutiō (“to shake violently”). De Vaan lists concutiō under quatiō, which goes back to Proto-Italic *kwat-i-; he…

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + corporālis (“bodily”).

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + damnum (“loss, damage”) + -is, the adjective ending. De Vaan traces damnum to Proto-Italic *dapno- and Proto-Indo-European *dh2p-no- (“expense, investment”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + efficāx (“effective”). The adjective efficāx goes back to ex- and faciō (“to make, do”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *fak-i- and to Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin in- + ēmendābilis, from the negative prefix and ēmendābilis (“that can be corrected”), from ēmendō (“to correct, free from faults”), itself from mendum (“blemish, fault”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + flexibilis (“easily bent, flexible”). The adjective flexibilis is formed from flectō (“to bend”). De Vaan reconstructs the verb as Proto-Italic *flek-t-, perhaps with…

It is from Latin in- (“in”) + fulciō (“to prop up”). De Vaan calls the etymology of the simple verb unclear: it is often connected with Ancient Greek φάλκης (phálkēs, “rib of a ship”), φάλαγξ…

It is from Latin in- (“in”) + habitō (“to dwell”), and that verb is a frequentative of habeō (“to have, hold”).

It is from Latin inquiētus (“restless”) + -ō. De Vaan derives quiētus (“at rest”) from quiēs “rest”, which goes back to Proto-Italic *kwiē-ti- and Proto-Indo-European *kʷieh₁-ti- (“rest, peace”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + sēparābilis (“separable”). The adjective sēparābilis belongs to sēparō (“to separate”).

It is from Latin in- + spuō (“to spit”). De Vaan traces the simple verb to Proto-Indo-European *sp(i)uH-ie/o- (“to spit”), an onomatopoeic formation whose beginning was probably reshaped in several…

It is formed from Latin intellegō (“to understand”) + -bilis.

It is from Latin inundō (“to overflow, flood”) + -tiō (“action noun suffix”), and the verb is formed from in- and unda (“wave”). De Vaan traces that noun to Proto-Italic *udōr, from…

It is from Latin lūdō (“to play”) + -tōrius, or formed from lūsor (“player”). The verb goes back to Proto-Italic *loid-e/o- (“to play”) and Proto-Indo-European *loid- (“to let go frequently, play”).

It is from Latin mātūtīnus (“of the early morning”), used as a noun: a shortening of ⟨mātūtīnum tempus⟩ “morning time”. De Vaan connects the adjective with Mātūta (“goddess of dawn”) and mātūrus…

It is from Latin minūtus (“small”) + -ia; the variant in -iēs has the suffix -iēs.

It is from Latin modificō (“to measure, regulate”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin noxia (“wrongdoing, harm”) + -ōsus. De Vaan explains noxia as the feminine of noxius (“guilty, harmful”), and derives the whole group from noxa (“harm, punishment”), beside the verb…

It is from Latin observō + -bilis, from the verb meaning “to watch, heed, observe”.

It is formed from Latin obstō (“to stand in the way”) + -culum.

It is an agent noun from Latin pācō (“to pacify, subdue”) with the suffix -tor. The verb is derived from pāx (“peace”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *pāk- (“agreement, peace”) and…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek παιδαγωγεῖον (paidagōgeîon, “room where the pedagogues waited; schoolroom”). The Greek word is formed from παιδαγωγός (paidagōgós, “slave who led boys to school”)…

It is from Latin plangō (“to strike, beat the breast”) + -tus. De Vaan traces plangō to Proto-Italic *plāng-e/o- (“to hit”) and Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂-n-g- (“to hit”), with a shift to beating…

It is from Latin praesūmō (“to take beforehand”) + -tiō.

It is from Latin prō- + gener (“son-in-law”), formed beside that noun as pronepōs stands beside nepōs. The base goes back to Proto-Italic *g(e)mro- and Proto-Indo-European *ǵ(e)m-ro- (“son-in-law”)…

It is from Latin propīnō (“to drink to someone's health”) + -tiō, and that verb is borrowed from Ancient Greek προπίνω (propī́nō), from προ- (pro-, “before”) and πίνω (pī́nō, “to drink”).

It is from Latin prōrsus (“straight ahead, direct”), the feminine adjective used as a noun, short for ⟨prōrsa ōrātiō⟩, straightforward speech without the ornaments of verse. The adjective is…

It is from Latin prōstituō (“to expose publicly, prostitute”), the feminine of its perfect passive participle used as a noun. The verb is formed from prō- (“forth, in front”) and statuō (“to set up”).

It is from Latin refōrmō + -tiō, a noun of action from the verb meaning “to reshape, transform”. The verb is formed from re- and fōrmō (“to shape”), from fōrma (“form, shape”); for ⟨fōrma⟩ de Vaan…

It is from Latin repercutiō (“to strike back, reflect”) + -tus, a noun of action. That verb is formed from re- and percutiō (“to strike”), which de Vaan lists among the derivatives of quatiō (“to…

It is from Latin repōnō (“to put back, store”) + -tōrium, a noun for a thing on or in which something is placed, made from the stem of the participle ⟨repositus⟩. De Vaan explains pōnō (“to put…

The OLD treats it as a variant of retrōgradis, which it derives from Latin retrōgradior (“to go backwards”). Lewis & Short derive it directly from the verb, and VOLI analyses it as retrō…

It is from Latin sollicitus (“troubled, anxious”) + -ē.

It is a verb from Latin sōlus (“alone”).