Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

It is from Latin sociō (“to unite, share”) + -bilis, from socius “companion”.

It is from Latin testor (“to bear witness”) + -tiō, from testis “witness”.

It is from Latin trāns- + migrō (“to move, migrate”). De Vaan explains ⟨migrō⟩ as a denominative of ⟨*migro-⟩, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂mi-gʷ-ro- (“changing”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἀμείβω…

It is from Latin truncus (“trunk; maimed”) + -ō, the verb suffix.

It is from Latin variō (“to vary”) + -tiō, from varius “various”.

It is from Latin violō (“to treat with violence, profane”) + -tiō; ⟨violō⟩ is related to vīs “force”.

It is from Latin adiuvō (“to help”) + -tōrium, beside adiūtor (“helper”). De Vaan traces iuvō to Proto-Indo-European *h₁i-h₁euH- (“to help”), cognate with Sanskrit अवति (ávati, “helps, protects”).

It is the neuter accusative from Latin difficilis (“difficult”), used as an adverb. difficilis is a compound of dis- and facilis (“easy”).

It is from Latin favor (“goodwill, favour”) + -ābilis. favor comes from faveō (“to be favourable”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *faw-ē-; for the root he prefers Lubotsky's…

It is from Latin in- + nūtriō (“to nourish”). De Vaan explains nūtriō as derived from Proto-Italic *noutrī (“nurse”) before that noun took the suffix seen in nūtrīx (“nurse”); it goes back to…

It is borrowed from Proto-Germanic *langabardaz, the people's own Germanic name. Köbler calls the origin of the name unclear. Etymonline gives it as *Langgobardoz, often taken to mean “long beards”…

It is from Latin praesideō (“to preside over, govern”), its present participle used as a noun. The verb is formed from prae- (“before, in front”) and sedeō (“to sit”).

It is from Latin sēcūrus (“free from care”) + -ē. De Vaan says that sēcūrus was formed directly from cūra (“care”), with sē- (“apart, without”); he traces cūra to Proto-Italic *kwois-ā- (“care…

It is from Latin ultimus (“last, farthest”) + -ō. De Vaan derives the adjective from Proto-Italic *ol-tamo- and Proto-Indo-European *h2ol-tmHo- (“furthest, last”), “most to that side”, from the root…

1. The maple is inherited from Proto-Italic *ak-er-; it matches the Germanic words for the tree, Old High German ahorn and Danish ær, from Proto-Germanic *ahurna- and Proto-Germanic *ahira-, but…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀμέθυστος (améthustos, “amethyst”). The Greek word is the noun use of an adjective meaning “not intoxicating”, from ἀ- (a-, “not”) and μεθύσκω (methúskō, “to make…

It is from Latin ad- (“to”) + sonō (“to sound”). De Vaan traces ⟨sonō⟩ to Proto-Italic *swena-, from Proto-Indo-European *swenH- (“to sound”).

It is from Latin bellum (“war”) + -ger (“bearing, waging”). De Vaan notes that ⟨bellum⟩ continues Old Latin duellum, disyllabic in Plautus.

It is from Latin colōnus (“farmer, settler”), its feminine, from colō “to till”.

It is from Latin dē- (“down”) + pendeō (“to hang”).

It is from Latin dūrō (“to harden, last”) + -bilis, ⟨dūrō⟩ being from dūrus “hard”.

It is from Latin fēstus (“festive”), its neuter, used as a noun.

It is from Latin garrulus (“talkative”) + -tās, from garriō “to chatter”. De Vaan reconstructs ⟨garriō⟩ as perhaps Proto-Italic ⟨*gārje/o-⟩, Proto-Indo-European *ǵ(e)h₂r-ye/o- (“to shout”), cognate…

It is from Latin in- + crēscō (“to grow”).

It is from Latin in- (“not”) + ēvītābilis (“avoidable”), from ēvītō “to avoid”.

It is from Latin nūbēs (“cloud”) + -fer (“bearing”). De Vaan traces ⟨nūbēs⟩ to Proto-Italic *(s)nouþ-(i-), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ne/oudʰ-, with Welsh nudd as its only direct cognate.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek φοῖνιξ (phoînix, “phoenix; date palm”). The TLL reports a derivation of the bird's name from Egyptian, and Köbler calls the further origin unknown. Isidore says it…

It is inherited from Proto-Italic *peikā, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *(s)peyk- (“woodpecker; magpie”), and related to pīcus “woodpecker”. De Vaan sees the feminine as a derivative of…

It is from Latin prae- + faucēs (“throat”) + -ō, on the stem ⟨fōc-⟩.

It is from Latin prae- (“before”) + sonō (“to sound”). De Vaan traces ⟨sonō⟩ to Proto-Italic *swena-, from Proto-Indo-European *swenH- (“to sound”).

It is from Latin re- (“again”) + fōrmō (“to shape”), from fōrma “form”.

It is from Latin referō (“to carry back, report”) + -tus, a verbal noun of the fourth declension from the supine stem ⟨relāt-⟩.

It is from Latin re- + sequor (“to follow”). Some scholars connect it with inquam “I say”, which the TLL rejects. De Vaan traces ⟨sequor⟩ to Proto-Italic *sekʷ-e/o- (“to follow”), from…

It is from Latin re- + sūmō (“to take up”).

It is from Latin re- (“back”) + vēlō (“to cover, veil”).

It is from Latin rota (“wheel”).

It is from Latin sacer (“sacred”) + -ficus (“making”), from faciō “to make, do”.

Its origin is unknown, probably a foreign word. It is scanned as four syllables. A neuter plural ⟨saturēia⟩ is found in Ovid and Martial.

It is from Latin secō (“to cut”) + -mentum, with ⟨g⟩ for ⟨c⟩ before the nasal. Köbler traces it to Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”).

It is from Latin sōl (“sun”) + -āris. Etymonline traces ⟨sōl⟩ to Proto-Indo-European *sawel- (“the sun”).

It is from Latin stringō (“to draw tight, bind”), its perfect participle, from Proto-Italic *strigtos, from Proto-Indo-European *strigtós, from Proto-Indo-European *streyg-.

The origin is unknown. Köbler, following Walde and Hofmann, calls it a loanword from an unknown source, perhaps Etruscan. Wiktionary suggests a Semitic source, Aramaic אַלַּף (allap̄, “to teach”).

It is from Latin cōnsilior (“to take counsel; to advise”) + -tor.

It is formed from Latin in- (“not”) + conveniēns (“fitting”), the present participle of conveniō (“to come together, suit”).

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek πήρα (pḗra, “leather pouch, wallet”). Glossaries also write it ⟨pira⟩ and ⟨poera⟩.

It is from Latin profiteor (“to declare openly, profess”): the perfect participle of that verb, used as an adjective with a passive sense. The verb is a compound of prō- and fateor (“to admit”).

It is formed from Latin nāvigō + -tor, an agent noun from the verb “to sail”. The verb nāvigō is itself built on nāvis (“ship”).

It is formed from Latin aequilībris (“evenly balanced, level”) + -ium; that adjective is made of aequus (“equal, level”) and lībra (“balance, pair of scales”). De Vaan traces lībra to Proto-Italic…

It is formed from Latin afflīgō (“to strike down, afflict”) + -tiō.

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect participle from Latin alternō (“to do by turns, alternate”). That verb is formed from alternus (“one after the other”), from alter (“the other of two”).

It is formed from Latin āvertō (“to turn away”) + -tiō.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek βωλίτης (bōlítēs, “a kind of mushroom”), although the OLD marks its origin as doubtful and Köbler calls it unclear.

It is formed from Latin caelebs (“unmarried”) + -ātus. The origin of caelebs itself is uncertain: de Vaan finds a good alternative to the older reconstructions in the European word…

It is from Latin captīvus (“captive”) + -tās. De Vaan derives captīvus from the verb capiō (“to take, seize”), perhaps through a noun *kap-ti-, and traces the verb to Proto-Italic *kap-i- (“to…

It is from Latin cēnō (“to dine”) + -tiō. The verb comes from cēna (“dinner”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kert(e)snā- (“meal”), with cognates in Oscan kersnu (“meal”) and Umbrian śesna…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek κήρωμα (kḗrōma, “wrestlers' ointment; wrestling ring”). The Greek noun is formed from κηρόω (kēróō, “to apply wax to”), from κηρός (kērós, “wax”), a word found from…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek χάσμα (khásma, “yawning hollow, gulf”), from χάσκω (kháskō, “to yawn, gape”).

It is from Latin comperendinō (“to adjourn a trial”) + -tiō, and that verb comes from comperendinus (“(of a day) on which an adjourned trial is resumed”), a compound of con- and perendinus (“of the…

It is from Latin con- + plaudō (“to clap the hands”). De Vaan tentatively derives plaudō from a noun for the palm of the hand, Proto-Indo-European *plh₂-u-; he finds it uncertain whether ⟨ō⟩ or ⟨au⟩…

It is from Latin computō (“to reckon, count”) + -tor.