Latin words first recorded in the 1st century BC

1. It is from Latin sinō (“to place, let”) + -tus, an action noun from the verb whose participle situs means “placed, situated”. The verb goes back to Proto-Indo-European *tḱey- (“to settle…

It is from Latin socius (“companion, ally”) + -ālis. Wiktionary traces socius to Proto-Indo-European *sokʷyós, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”).

It is from Latin socius (“companion, ally”) + -ō, the verbal suffix. Socius goes back to the root Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”).

It is from Latin sollers (“skilful, ingenious”) + -ter. The adjective is a compound of sollus (“whole, entire”) and ars (“skill”), from ⟨*soll-arti-⟩. De Vaan traces ⟨sollus⟩ to Proto-Italic *solno-…

It is from Latin sollers (“clever, skilled”) + -ia. De Vaan derives sollers from Proto-Italic *soll-arti-, a compound of sollus (“whole”) and ars (“skill”): wholly skilled. sollus goes back to…

It is from Latin spatium (“space, room, distance”), with the verbal ending ⟨-ō⟩, a deponent verb. De Vaan finds no sure etymology for spatium: a derivation from a participle meaning fattened…

It is formed from Latin speciēs (“appearance, sight”) + -ōsus. ⟨speciēs⟩ belongs to speciō (“to look”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *spekje/o- and Proto-Indo-European *speḱ-ie/o- (“to…

It is from Latin speciō (“to look at”) + -trum, a doublet of speculum. Its only classical attestation is in letters between Cicero and Cassius, which say that the Epicurean Catius used it to render…

It is from Latin speciō (“to look”) + -ulum, the instrument suffix, perhaps from a pre-Latin ⟨*spektlom⟩.

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σπῆλυγξ (spêlunx, “cave”), adapted. Köbler compares σπήλαιον (spḗlaion, “cave, grotto”) and σπέος (spéos, “cave”).

It is a diminutive from Latin spīcum (“point, ear of grain”) + -ulum, ⟨spīcum⟩ being a variant of spīca. De Vaan derives ⟨spīca⟩ from Proto-Italic *speikā- and Proto-Indo-European *speig- (“sharp…

It is from Latin spīna (“thorn”) + -ōsus. De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of spīna, which goes back to Proto-Italic *speinā- and Proto-Indo-European *spein-, perhaps from the same base as…

It is from Latin splendeō (“to shine”) + -scō (“inchoative suffix”). De Vaan traces splendeō to Proto-Indo-European *splnd(ʰ)-eh₁- (“to be manifest”), a stem whose Celtic relatives, such as Old…

It is from Latin splendidus (“shining, splendid”) + -ē. splendidus comes from splendeō (“to shine”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *splnd/þē- and Proto-Indo-European *splnd(h)-eh1- (“to be…

It is from Latin spoliō (“to strip, rob”) + -tiō, a noun of action. The verb is formed from spolium (“skin, hide; booty”), which de Vaan reconstructs as Proto-Italic *spoli(o)- (“skin, hide”) and…

It is from Latin spoliō (“to strip, rob”) + -tor. The verb is made from spolium (“hide; spoils”), which de Vaan traces back to Proto-Italic *spoli(o)- (“skin, hide”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek σπονδεῖος (spondeîos, “of libations, spondee”), from σπονδή (spondḗ, “libation”). Lewis & Short explain that the foot was named from the slow, solemn melodies sung…

It is from Latin spōnsālis (“of betrothal”), the neuter plural used as a noun. That adjective is formed on the participle of spondeō (“to pledge solemnly”) with the suffix -ālis. De Vaan traces the…

It is from Latin spondeō (“to pledge”) + -tor. De Vaan traces ⟨spondeō⟩ to Proto-Italic *spondeje/o- (“to libate many times; pledge”), Proto-Indo-European *spond-éye/o- (“to libate”), cognate with…

It is from Latin spūma (“foam”) + -ōsus.

The origin is uncertain. The OLD and Köbler take it to be probably Etruscan, and Etymonline names the source as borrowed from Etruscan spural (“public”). Wiktionary gives that Etruscan explanation…

It is from Latin stabilis (“firm, steady”) + -tās.

It is from Latin sterilis (“barren”) + -tās. De Vaan traces sterilis to Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“lacking, sterile”), cognate with Ancient Greek στεῖρα (steîra, “barren (cow, goat, woman)”) and…

It is from Latin stīpendium (“pay, tribute”) + -ārius. De Vaan explains ⟨stīpendium⟩ as a haplology of a compound of stips (“small coin, payment”) and pendō (“to weigh, pay”); he thinks ⟨stips⟩…

It is formed from Latin strāgēs (“overthrow, heap”) + -ulus, on a stem ⟨strāg-⟩, and belongs with sternō (“to spread, strew”). De Vaan traces sternō to Proto-Italic *sterna- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek στραγγαλάω (strangaláō, “to choke, strangle”), a verb formed from στραγγάλη (strangálē, “halter”). Varro already listed it among the Latin words thought to come…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek στρατήγημα (stratḗgēma, “act of a general, stratagem”), from στρατηγέω (stratēgéō, “to be a general”), a derivative of στρατηγός (stratēgós, “general”).

It is from Latin struo (“to pile up, build”) + -ūra. struō continues Proto-Italic *strowō, from Proto-Indo-European *stréweti, from Proto-Indo-European *strew- (“to spread”).

The origin is uncertain. De Vaan considers a connection possible in theory with Old Norse strútr (“top”), Old English strūtian (“to stand still”), German strotz (“stiff”) and Middle High German…

It is from Latin studiōsus (“eager, devoted”) + -ē. The adjective is made from studium (“zeal”), from studeō (“to be eager”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *stud-ē- and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin stupeō (“to be stunned”) + -or. De Vaan traces that verb to Proto-Italic *stup-ē- (“to be stunned”) and Proto-Indo-European *stup-eh₁- (“to hit, push”), and compares Ancient Greek…

It is from Latin sāvium (“kiss”) + -or. De Vaan treats sāvium under suāvis (“sweet”), with the first of two /w/ sounds lost by dissimilation. The adjective goes back to Proto-Italic *swādu-…

It is from Latin subiciō (“to throw under, place under”), its participle, used as an adjective. That verb is sub- (“under”) with iaciō (“to throw”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *jak-i- (“to…

It is formed from Latin sub- (“from below”) + levō (“to lift, lighten”). ⟨levō⟩ is made from levis (“light”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *leχu- and Proto-Indo-European *h₁legʷʰ-u-…

It is from Latin submittō + -tiō, from the verb meaning to let down, lower or subject.

Used as an adjective, it is the perfect passive participle from Latin submittō (“to lower, let down”). That verb is a compound of sub- (“under”) and mittō (“to let go, send”), which de Vaan traces…

It is from Latin sub- + ōrnō (“to equip, adorn”). De Vaan takes ōrnō as the original verb formed from ōrdō (“row, order”), through ⟨*ōrd-n-āre⟩; the origin of that noun is uncertain.

It is from Latin sub- (“up from under”) + regō (“to direct, keep straight”), also spelled ⟨surr-⟩; the contracted form surgō is normally used for the intransitive senses. regō goes back to…

It is from Latin subscrībō (“to write underneath”) + -tiō. That verb is made from sub- (“under”) and scrībō (“to write”).

It is from Latin subscrībō (“to write underneath, sign”) + -tor, that is ⟨sub-⟩ and scrīptor (“writer”). De Vaan traces scrībō back to Proto-Italic *skreif-e/o- (“to carve”) and Proto-Indo-European…

It is from Latin sub- (“under”) + signō (“to mark”). De Vaan derives signō from signum (“sign”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *sekno- (“statue, sign”), a derivative of the root of secō (“to…

It is from Latin subsortior (“to choose by lot as a substitute”) + -tiō. That verb is formed from sub- and sortior (“to draw lots”), which is made from sors (“lot”).

It is from Latin substruō (“to build beneath, lay a foundation”) + -tiō. That verb is formed with sub- (“under”) from struō (“to pile up, build”).

It is formed from Latin sub (“under”) + terra (“earth, ground”) + -āneus, the adjective suffix.

It is from Latin sub- (“under, near”) + urbānus (“of the city”). De Vaan, following Driessen, derives urbs (“city”) from Proto-Italic *worf- and Proto-Indo-European *u(o)rbʰ- (“enclosure”)…

It is formed from Latin sub- (“under, near”) + urbs (“city”) + -ium.

It is from Latin succēdō (“to come after, succeed”) + -tiō. succēdō is a compound of sub- and cēdō (“to go, withdraw”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *kesd-e/o- (“to go away, avoid”)…

It is from Latin succēdō (“to come after, succeed”) + -tor. The verb is from sub- and cēdō (“to go, yield”), which goes back to Proto-Italic *kesd-e/o- (“to go away, avoid”); Lubotsky connects it…

It is from Latin sub- + cumbō (“to lie down”), with the nasal present ⟨-cumbō⟩ of cubō (“to lie”) that is also found in accumbō.

It is from Latin sūdō (“to sweat”) + -ārium, or, in Wiktionary's analysis, sūdor (“sweat”) with the same suffix.

It is from Latin sub- (“under”) + faciō (“to make, do”).

It is from Latin sub- + faucēs (“throat”) + -ō, on the stem ⟨fōc-⟩.

It is from Latin suffrāgor (“to vote for, support”) + -tiō. suffrāgor belongs with suffrāgium (“vote”), which de Vaan explains from a verb or noun ⟨*sub-frāg-⟩; since its oldest senses concern…

It is from Latin sub- + ministrō (“to serve, supply”). De Vaan derives ministrō from minister “servant”, which goes back to Proto-Italic *minos-tero-, built on Proto-Italic *minōs (“less”), the…

It is from Latin sūmptuōsus (“expensive, lavish”) + -ē. De Vaan lists sūmptuōsus and sūmptus (“expense”) beside sūmō (“to take up”) among the compounds of emō (“to take”), which he traces to…

It is from Latin superbus (“proud, haughty”) + -ē, the adverb of the adjective. The OLD analyses superbus as super- with the suffix of probus, from the root Proto-Indo-European *bʰeu- (“to grow”)…

It is from Latin super- (“over”) + fluō (“to flow”). Fluō goes back to Proto-Italic *flow-e/o- and Proto-Indo-European *bhleuH- (“to flow (over)”). Super goes back to Proto-Indo-European…

It is formed from Latin -tiō + superstes (“standing over; surviving”), or from superstō (“to stand over”) directly. How it came to mean “superstition” is unclear. The OLD suggests a first sense such…

It is from Latin suppleō (“to fill up”) + -mentum. That verb is sub- with ⟨-pleō⟩ “to fill”, which de Vaan traces to Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁- (“to fill”).

It is from Latin supplex (“suppliant”) + -ter. The OLD derives supplex probably from ⟨*sub-placos⟩, related to plācō (“to appease”) and placeō (“to please”), meaning "bringing peace-offerings"…