sumptuose

Forms

sūmptuōsē (comparative sūmptuōsius)^[1][2]

Etymology

It is from Latin sūmptuōsus (“expensive, lavish”) + -ē.^[1][2][3] De Vaan lists sūmptuōsus and sūmptus (“expense”) beside sūmō (“to take up”) among the compounds of emō (“to take”), which he traces to Proto-Italic *eme/o- (“to take”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁em-e/o- (“to take”).^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler finds it first in Catullus,^[5][6] and Cicero has the comparative in the second speech against Catiline.^[6][7]

Semantic evolution

Varro uses it in his work on agriculture.^[7] It remained in Church Latin,^[8] and in British Medieval Latin Aldhelm has the comparative of adorning oneself lavishly;^[9] William of Malmesbury uses the superlative of robes worked with gold, and Richard de Bury writes of books collected at great cost.^[9] It was also used of living extravagantly, as of the prodigal son who used up his portion.^[9]

Timeline

• 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it.^[5][6]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the comparative.^[6][7][5]
• 639–709 AD – Aldhelm uses the comparative.^[9][5]

Meanings

Adverb

1. At great cost, expensively, sumptuously.^[1][2][6]
2. extravagantly, lavishly (in one's spending).^[1][9]

Related words

• sūmptus

References

1. ^ a b c d Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
2. ^ a b c Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
3. ^ Bianchi, Rossella; Lelli, Olga (2014), VOLI: Vocabolario di latino, Florence: Le Monnier
4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
6. ^ a b c d e Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
7. ^ a b c Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
8. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
9. ^ a b c d e Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press