Italian words first recorded in the 12th century

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *nāscere, the spoken form of classical nāscī (“to be born”). The deponent verb of written Latin was replaced in speech by an active form, which DÉRom reconstructs…

It is inherited from Latin inde (“from there, thence”), reduced to its middle consonant and final vowel. Sabatini derives it by loss of the first syllable from a Vulgar Latin *inne, and Wikizionario…

It is inherited from Latin nepōs (“grandson; nephew; descendant”), from the accusative nepōtem. The same word is French neveu, Occitan nebot, Catalan nebot, Sardinian nebode, Romanian nepot and…

It is inherited from Latin nōs (“we, us”). DELI quotes Rohlfs on the final vowel: Latin final ⟨-s⟩ was lost in Italy only in the course of the Middle Ages and in some words is represented by ⟨-i⟩…

The noun is inherited from Latin hōra (“hour; time”), from Ancient Greek ὥρα (hṓra), whose first meaning was “season, part of the year”. Nocentini and Wiktionary relate the Greek word to Old High…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin horribilis (“dreadful”), from horreō (“to bristle; to shudder”). Wiktionary calls the borrowing probable. The Latin verb first meant that the hair stood on…

It is formed from Italian ove + -unque, that is from the old word for “where” and the generalizing ending also found in chiunque and qualunque. DELI, Sabatini–Coletti and the GDLI trace it to Latin…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Late Latin paradīsus, from Ancient Greek παράδεισος (parádeisos, “garden, park”). The Greek word is Iranian: Old Persian *paridaiza, the same as Avestan…

It is inherited from Latin pavor (“terror, fear”), from the accusative ⟨pavorem⟩, with its ending replaced by the suffix ⟨-ura⟩. Devoto, Devoto–Oli and Sabatini–Coletti start from a reconstructed…

It is inherited from Latin pellis (“skin, hide”). The word is panromance: French peau, Occitan pel, Catalan pell, Spanish piel, Sardinian peḍḍe and Romanian piele. Meyer-Lübke adds Dalmatian pial…

It is borrowed from Old Occitan pensier (“thought”), a noun formed on pensar (“to think”), which continues Latin pēnsāre (“to weigh carefully; to consider”). It came into Old Italian as ⟨pensiere⟩…

It is inherited from Latin placēre (“to please”). The verb is panromance: French plaire, Occitan plazer, Catalan plaure, Spanish placer, Portuguese prazer, Sardinian piàghere and Romanian plăcea…

Its origin is not certain. Most sources take it as from Vulgar Latin *pikk- (“small”), an expressive, sound-symbolic root for smallness that has no Latin record, with the diminutive suffix -olo…

It is inherited from Latin plūs (“more”), the comparative of multus (“much”). The /l/ after /p/ became /j/, as regularly in Italian. Latin already used the word with an adjective in place of a…

It is inherited from Latin portō (“to carry, convey”). The Latin verb is related to porta (“gate”), whose first sense was “passage”, and to portus (“harbour”): Nocentini and DEI give it the early…

It is borrowed from Latin prīvātus (“private, personal; set apart”), the past participle of prīvō (“to deprive; to free”), from prīvus (“one's own, single”). Nocentini explains the Latin word as…

It is inherited from Latin pūrē (“purely, simply; fully”), the adverb of pūrus (“clean, pure”). Nocentini explains the ending as the old instrumental case of the adjective. The adverb survives also…

It is inherited from Latin quālis (“of what kind”), from the accusative ⟨quālem⟩. The word is pan-Romance: French quel, Occitan cal, Spanish cual, Portuguese qual, Sardinian cale and Romanian care…

It is borrowed from Latin rēgnum (“kingship, reign, kingdom”), a learned word. The Latin noun is formed from the stem of rēx (“king”) with the suffix -nus. Wiktionary explains it as the neuter of an…

It is borrowed from Lombardic *rīhhi (“powerful”), which wholly replaced the Latin dīves (“rich”). The old sense “powerful” survives in Old French and in Chiaro Davanzati. Arrigo Castellani (1985)…

It is inherited from Latin recognōscō (“to recognize; to review”), formed with the intensive prefix re- from cognōscō (“to get to know”), the source of conoscere. Devoto notes that the verb was…

It is formed from Italian ri- + guardare, with the intensive prefix. Compare French regarder. The noun riguardo was formed from it.

It is inherited from Late Latin respŏndere (“to answer”), the Late Latin form of the classical verb, which had a long /ē/ in the infinitive and moved to the third conjugation; DELI dates the new…

It is inherited from Latin saccus (“sack, bag”), borrowed from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos, “coarse cloth of hair; sack”), from a Semitic word: Phoenician *šaqq (“coarse cloth, sack”). Nocentini…

It is inherited from Late Latin salvō (“to heal; to keep safe; to redeem”), a verb made in Late Latin from the adjective Latin salvus (“whole, unharmed, safe”) (see salvo), which took the place of…

1. The conjunction “if” is inherited from Late Latin se(d), a Late Latin form recorded from the 6th century, which DELI, GRADIT, Sabatini–Coletti and the GDLI explain as a blend of Latin sī (“if”)…

It is inherited from Latin sentiō (“to perceive, feel; to think”). The word is panromance: French sentir, Occitan sentir, Catalan sentir, Spanish sentir, Portuguese sentir, Sardinian sentire…

It is inherited from Latin serviō (“to be a slave, to serve”), a verb formed from servus (“slave”). The same verb is French servir, Occitan servir, Catalan servir, Spanish servir and Portuguese…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *sufferīre, a Vulgar Latin form of Latin sufferre (“to bear, endure; to suffer”). The Latin verb is made of sub- (“under”) and ferō (“to carry”), so it first meant…

It is inherited from Latin somnium (“dream”), derived from somnus (“sleep”), which also gave sonno. The verb sognare is from the Latin derivative somniō (“to dream”). The same Latin word is French…

It is inherited from Latin supportāre (“to carry, convey”), which in Late Latin, among Christian writers, came to mean “to bear, endure”. The Latin verb is formed with sub- (“under”) on portō (“to…

It is a compound of sopra and tutto, the phrase ⟨sopra tutto⟩ “above all” written as one word, with the doubled /t/ of the phrase. The same phrase is French surtout and Spanish sobre todo.

It is formed from Italian s- + piacere, with the prefix that reverses the meaning of the base, so that it means “not to please”. Treccani describes it as a shortened form of dispiacere, with ⟨dis-⟩…

It is inherited from Latin spōnsa (“woman promised in marriage, fiancée”), the feminine of spōnsus (“betrothed”), the past participle of spondeō (“to promise solemnly”) used as a noun. The pair is…

It is inherited from Latin spōnsus (“betrothed man”), the noun use of the past participle of spondeō (“to promise solemnly”), with the feminine spōnsa, the source of sposa. The same word is French…

It is inherited from Latin tālis (“of such a kind”), from the accusative “tālem”. The Latin word was in wide use, often paired with quālis (“of what kind”) and alliterating with tantus (“so great”)…

It is the shortened form of uno, which is inherited from Latin ūnus (“one”). The Latin numeral comes from the older form oinos, from Proto-Italic *oinos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos (“one…

It is inherited from Latin ūnus (“one; single, alone”). The Latin word served both as a numeral and in the sense “same” (“uno tempore” “at one time”); already in Plautus it can mark a single person…

It is inherited from Late Latin diurnum (“day”), short for diurnum tempus (“daytime”), the neuter of the adjective Latin diurnus (“of the day, daily”). The noun is recorded in Latin from the 4th…

Both uses come from pregare (“to pray; to ask”): the noun “prayer” is formed from the verb with no suffix, and the interjection is its first person singular present, “I pray (you)”. The verb…

It is inherited from Latin tertius (“third”), the ordinal formed from trēs (“three”). The same word is French tiers, Occitan tertz, Catalan ters, Friulian terts and Romansh terz; Spanish tercio and…

It is inherited from Medieval Latin andāre, recorded in Latin documents of Tuscany in 801 and of southern Italy in 820, and its origin is much disputed. Prati dates the southern record, in the Codex…

It is inherited from Latin deus (“god”). The Italian form is explained by the reduction of a triphthong, as in mio and io. The word is panromance: French dieu, Occitan dieu, Catalan déu, Spanish…

It is formed from Italian a + fare “to do”, from phrases such as “avere a fare” “to have to do” or “cosa a fare” “a thing to be done”. DELI, Nocentini and Devoto–Oli think its spread was helped by…

It is inherited from Latin adiūtō (“to help”), an intensive of adiuvō (“to help”), which is formed from ad- and iuvō (“to help, please”), the source of giovare. DEI notes that Bede already called…

It is inherited from Latin āla (“wing; armpit”). The Latin word is continued in every Romance language except Romanian: French aile, Occitan ala, Catalan ala, Spanish ala, Portuguese ala, Romansh…

It is inherited from Latin carō (“flesh, meat”), continued in the form of its accusative “carnem”. The word survives in every Romance language: French chair, Occitan carn, Catalan carn, Spanish…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *comperāre, from Latin comparō (“to prepare; to procure; to buy”), formed with com- and parō (“to prepare, furnish”). The LEI reconstructs the Vulgar Latin verb…

It is borrowed from Old Occitan coratge, properly “heart”, from a Vulgar Latin *corāticum, derived from Latin cor (“heart”). Wiktionary also names Old French corage, and Prati derives the word from…

It is inherited from Late Latin deintro (“inside”), a compound of dē (“from”) and intrō (“inside, within”). DEI notes that the compound is recorded from the 4th century, as the opposite of deforis…

It is borrowed from Latin dēsīderō (“to long for; to miss, feel the lack of”), a learned word. The verb belongs with sīdus (“star, constellation”). DELI, GRADIT, Devoto–Oli and GDLI give the…

1. The noun for a fault or error is a deverbal noun of fallare (“to err, to sin”), formed without a suffix, like falla. The verb is inherited from Late Latin fallāre, a verb of the glosses that…

It is inherited from Latin focus (“hearth, fireplace”). For fire itself Latin used the old Indo-European word ignis (“fire”), while the noun meant the domestic hearth, opposed to āra (“altar”), the…

It is borrowed from Old French jalne, the older form of French jaune, from Latin galbinus (“pale green, greenish yellow”), a derivative of galbus (“pale green, yellow”). Tuscan adapted the French…

It is inherited from Latin ursus (“bear”). The word is panromance: French ours, Occitan ors, Catalan os, Spanish oso, Portuguese urso, Sardinian ursu and Romanian urs, with feminines beside them as…

It is borrowed from Old French putain (about 1119), the old oblique case of pute (“whore”), perhaps by way of Old Occitan putana. Nocentini explains the Old French form as the relic of a feminine…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *verecunnia, the popular outcome of Latin verēcundia (“restraint, modesty; shame”). The learned verecondia is its doublet. The same word is French vergogne, now…

It is inherited from Latin ānellus (“little ring”), a diminutive of ānulus (“ring”), itself a diminutive of ānus (“ring, circle”). The later diminutive took over the main sense of the older word, a…

It is a Germanic loan, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *blank (“shining, bright”), which replaced Latin albus (“white”) in most of Romance. It is recorded early as Medieval Latin blancus: as the byname…

It is inherited from Latin casa (“hut, cottage”). In classical Latin the word for a house was domus, which survives in Italian duomo; the Latin word named the countryman's hut, opposed to the villa…