Italian words first recorded in the 11th century

It is inherited from Latin alter (“the other (of two)”), from the accusative alterum. In classical Latin the word meant “the other of two”, while alius (“another, different”) meant “another” among…

It is inherited from Latin sum (“to be”), through the Vulgar Latin infinitive ⟨*essere⟩, which took the place of classical ⟨esse⟩. The infinitive ⟨essere⟩ is already written in Early Medieval Latin…

It is inherited from Old Italian patre, inherited from Latin pater (“father”), from the accusative ⟨patrem⟩. The Latin word is continued across the Romance languages, as French père, Occitan paire…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *precāre, the active form of Latin precor (“to pray, entreat”), a verb derived from prex (“prayer, request”). The voiced /g/ for Latin /k/ is, Devoto says, a…

It is borrowed from Latin accūsō (“to accuse”), a learned word, from ad- and causor (“to plead as an excuse”), a verb from causa (“cause, lawsuit”). The LEI, however, files the Italian verb among…

It is inherited from Latin habeō (“to have, hold”). The verb is found in every Romance language: French avoir, Occitan aver, Catalan aver, Spanish haber, Portuguese haver, Sardinian àere, Romanian…

It is inherited from Latin culpa (“fault, guilt”). Nocentini sets it beside Old French coupe and Old Occitan colpa, and notes that Catalan culpa, Spanish culpa and Portuguese culpa were taken from…

It is borrowed from Late Latin crīminālis (“relating to crimes”), a learned word of legal Latin, from Latin crīmen (“charge, accusation; crime”). In Latin the adjective meant “criminal” as opposed…

It is borrowed from Late Latin diabolus (“devil”), the word of Christian Latin. DELI, Nocentini and GDLI call it semi-learned: it has been in use without a break, but its form was kept close to the…

1. The adjective is inherited from Vulgar Latin *dīrīctus, a spoken form of Latin dīrēctus (“laid out in a straight line”), the past participle of dīrigō (“to direct, set straight”), from dis- and…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin genitor (“begetter, father”), from gignō (“to beget, produce”) with the agent suffix -tor. The Latin noun continues Proto-Indo-European *ǵénh₁tōr…

It is inherited from Latin nōn (“not”). The Latin word comes from ⟨*ne oinom⟩ “not one”, from the negative particle ne and the archaic neuter of ūnus (“one”), still seen in the old forms ⟨noenum⟩…

It is inherited from Latin tempus (“time, period”), a neuter noun that was reinterpreted as masculine. The word is panromance: French temps, Occitan temps, Catalan temps, Spanish tiempo, Portuguese…

It is inherited from Latin fīlius (“son”). DÉRom reconstructs Proto-Romance */ˈɸili-u/, found in every Romance language; French and Franco-Provençal continue the nominative */ˈɸili-u-s/. It is…

It is inherited from Latin in (“in, into, on”). The Latin preposition replaced an older en, found in early inscriptions such as the Duenos inscription: /e/ became /i/ regularly in unstressed…

It is inherited from Latin magister (“chief, master; teacher”), continuing the accusative case. The /g/ between vowels was lost before a front vowel, as in dito, and the shorter mastro is a doublet…

It is inherited from Latin sīc (“so, thus”). As a word of assent it is short for the phrase ⟨sīc est⟩ “it is so”, used like ⟨ita est⟩. The adverb “so” is panromance: French si, Occitan si, Catalan…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *tōttus, a variant of Latin tōtus (“whole, entire”). A form “tottus” is already recorded in the 5th century, when the grammarian Consentius objected to it…

It is inherited from Latin suus (“his, her, their own”). The word is panromance: French son and sien, Occitan so, Catalan son, Spanish su and suyo, Portuguese seu, Sardinian suu, Friulian so and…

It is inherited from Latin cōnsilium (“deliberation; council; advice”), from cōnsulō (“to consult, deliberate”). Meyer-Lübke lists it among the regular Romance outcomes of the Latin noun, while…

It is inherited from Latin corpus (“body; corpse; substance; body of people”). The Latin neuter became a masculine noun in Italian. The word is pan-Romance: French corps, Occitan cors, Catalan cos…

It is inherited from Latin altus (“high; deep”). The same word is French haut, Occitan aut, Catalan alt, Spanish alto, Portuguese alto and Sardinian altu, and with a prefix Romanian înalt. The…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *assēcūrāre, formed from sēcūrus (“safe, secure”) with the prefix ad- and a verb ending. The verb is found in all the Romance languages except Romanian: Romansh…

It is inherited from Latin battere, the popular form recorded from Fronto in the 2nd century AD, which replaced classical battuere, used since Plautus. The word continues in every Romance language…

It is inherited from Latin commūnis (“shared, common; public”). DELI regards the whole family as learned, while the LEI, which finds the Latin word continued in every Romance language except…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin contrārius (“opposite, facing; hostile”), from the accusative ⟨contrārium⟩. The Latin adjective is contrā (“against, opposite”) with the suffix -ārius. De…

It is inherited from Latin dē (“from, down from; about”), with the unstressed ⟨e⟩ raised to ⟨i⟩ because the word leans on the one that follows. The Italian form already appears in a Medieval Latin…

It is inherited from Late Latin domna, the syncopated form of Latin domina (“lady, mistress of the house”), the feminine of dominus (“master”), from domus (“house”). The short form is already found…

It is inherited from Latin et (“and; also”). The same conjunction is French et, Occitan e, Catalan i, Spanish y, Portuguese e and Sardinian e. The variant ed keeps the Latin final consonant before a…

It is inherited from Latin intrō (“to go into”), from intrā (“inside, within”). The Latin verb is panromance: French entrer, Occitan entrar, Catalan entrar, Spanish entrar, Portuguese entrar…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *fīdāre (“to trust”), a first-conjugation remodelling of Latin fīdere (“to trust”). Devoto–Oli, Gabrielli, Treccani and Devoto explain the Vulgar Latin verb rather…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin glōria (“fame, renown; glory”). The word spread to all the languages of European culture mainly through the Latin of the Church: the same borrowing is…

It is inherited from Latin mamma (“mother; breast”), a word of children's speech that meant both “breast” and “mother”. DELI points to the universal equation of the two meanings that Roman Jakobson…

It is from Italian marino (“of the sea”): the feminine of the adjective, used as a noun. The adjective is from Latin marīnus (“of the sea”), from mare (“sea”). The same noun is Occitan marina…

1. The crumb and the adverb are inherited from Latin mīca (“crumb, grain”). DELI calls the noun a learned word. The adverb grew out of negative phrases in which the noun meant “not a crumb”, and…

It is most probably borrowed from Old Occitan enojos, from Late Latin inodiōsus (“hateful”), made with an intensive in- on odium (“hatred”). GRADIT instead derives it in Italian from noia with the…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin oclus, inherited from Latin oculus (“eye”), with the loss of the unstressed vowel: the late Latin list of corrections known as the Appendix Probi condemns ⟨oclus⟩…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *offerīre, a reshaping of Latin offerō (“to put in someone's way; to offer”) on the model of verbs in ⟨-īre⟩. The classical verb has an irregular infinitive, and…

It is inherited from Latin hodiē (“today”), literally “on this day”. De Vaan explains the Latin word as a compound of hic (“this”) and diēs (“day”), probably in an old ablative; the form of the…

DELI and the GDLI treat it as a learned word, borrowed from Latin honor (“honour, esteem; public office”), from the accusative ⟨honōrem⟩. Wiktionary and Nocentini instead derive it by direct descent…

It is inherited from Latin palātium (“palace”), originally the name of the Palatine Hill in Rome, Palātium, where Augustus fixed the emperors' residence, and then the imperial palace that stood…

It is inherited from Latin per hoc (“through this; for this reason”), a phrase of per (“through”) and hoc (“this”), the neuter of hic. Its first meaning was causal, “therefore”, which Florentine…

It is the feminine of preso, the past participle of prendere, used as a noun. Devoto traces the participle to Late Latin presus, and the verb continues Latin prehendō (“to seize”). Nocentini notes…

It is inherited from Old Italian preite, inherited from Vulgar Latin *previter, the popular outcome of Late Latin presbyter (“elder; priest”), a word of the Christian Church. The Latin word was…

It is inherited from Latin punctum (“small hole; dot; point; moment”), the neuter of the past participle of pungō (“to prick, sting”) used as a noun. DELI calls it a learned word, while Nocentini…

It is inherited from Latin quattuor (“four”), through a spoken form quattor in which the ⟨u⟩ before the ending had dropped. The Latin numeral is panromance: French quatre, Occitan quatre, Catalan…

It is inherited from Latin ratiō (“reckoning, account; reason”), from its accusative. The Latin noun is formed on ratus (“counted, fixed”), the past participle of reor (“to count, think”). The same…

1. The word for a king is inherited from Latin rēx (“king”), from the nominative rather than the accusative, which survives in the literary doublet rege. Nocentini and Devoto–Oli derive it from the…

It is inherited from Latin rēte (“net”), neuter, and the feminine and masculine rētem that Latin also used. The word is pan-Romance except in Romanian: Old French roit, French rets (now disused)…

It is the feminine of richiesto, the past participle of richiedere (“to ask for, request”), used as a noun. The verb is formed from chiedere with the intensive prefix ri-, on the model of Vulgar…

It is inherited from Latin rumpō (“to break, burst”). The verb survives in nearly the whole Romance area: French rompre, Occitan rompre, Catalan rompre, Spanish romper, Portuguese romper, Sardinian…

It is inherited from Latin rūmor (“noise, murmur; talk, rumour”). The early form Old Italian romore is explained by DELI and GDLI from a spoken variant Vulgar Latin *romor, though DELI adds that an…

It is from Italian sicuro + -mente, the adjective with the suffix that forms adverbs of manner. The adjective continues Latin sēcūrus (“free from care”), a compound of sē- (“without”) and cūra…

It is borrowed from Latin significāre (“to make a sign, indicate; to mean”), a learned word. The Latin verb is a compound of signum (“sign”), Italian segno, and the verb-forming -ficō, which comes…

It is inherited from Latin tabula (“board, plank”). Most of its other meanings, many of them already Latin, grew out of that basic sense. The same word is French table (the source of table), Occitan…

It is inherited from Latin vīnum (“wine”). The Latin noun was neuter, and became masculine in the spoken language; Petronius already has a masculine vinus. The old Italian plural in ⟨-a⟩ and the…