Italian words first recorded in the 12th century

It is inherited from Latin cōnstāre (“to stand firm; to cost, be worth”), from stō (“to stand”) with the prefix con-. Sabatini notes that it is a popular word, with the Latin cluster /nst/…

It is inherited from Old Italian contra, inherited from Latin contrā (“opposite, against”). The form in -a is well represented in the dialects, and in southern Italy it is the usual one, while DEI…

It is inherited from Latin falsus (“false, mistaken”), originally the past participle of fallō (“to deceive”). DELI notes that the adjective is the inherited word, while falsare, falsario and…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *illui, a dative of Latin ille (“that”) that replaced the classical illī, used for every gender. The new masculine took its ending from the relative pronoun cui…

It is inherited from Latin nec (“and not, nor”). The Latin word is the shortened form of neque used before consonants, a compound of the negation ne (“not”) and the enclitic -que (“and”). The word…

It is inherited from Latin noster (“our”), from Latin nōs (“we”), with the suffix -ter that marks a contrast between two, as in alter (Italian altro). The word is panromance: French notre, Occitan…

It is borrowed from Late Latin papa (“father; bishop; pope”), a learned word of the Church. The Latin word was taken from Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, “father”), a title of priests and bishops…

1. The word meaning “flat; slowly; floor” is inherited from Latin plānus (“flat, level; easy, clear”), with the noun plānum (“level ground, plain”), its neuter used as a noun. The adjective is found…

It is inherited from Latin populus (“people, body of citizens”). DELI calls the Tuscan form learned and DEI semi-learned, since it keeps the /p/ between vowels, while the Old Italian forms with /v/…

It is a noun formed from provare (“to test, try; to prove”), as GRADIT, Devoto–Oli and the GDLI explain it. Nocentini and Wiktionary take it instead from Late Latin proba (“test, proof”), itself…

It is inherited from Latin schŏla (“school”), borrowed from Ancient Greek σχολή (skholḗ, “free time, rest; study; school”). The Greek word first meant “free time, quiet, rest”, then study and…

It is inherited from Latin sedeō (“to be seated, sit”). The verb is panromance: French seoir, Occitan sezer, Catalan seure, Sardinian sèzzere and Romanian ședea; in Spanish and Portuguese it merged…

It is the pronominal form of arrendere, formed from Italian a- + rendere (“to give back”) with the reinforcing prefix. Nocentini notes that the verb is first recorded as a transitive, in the first…

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin attendere (“to turn one's mind to, pay attention”), from ad- (“towards”) and tendō (“to stretch”). The sense “to wait for” goes back to Medieval Latin…

It is inherited from Latin bonus (“good”). It continues in the whole Romance area: French bon, Occitan bon, Catalan bo, Spanish bueno, Portuguese bom, Sardinian bónu, Friulian bon and Romanian bun…

It is inherited from Latin ecclēsia (“assembly; church”), borrowed from Ancient Greek ἐκκλησία (ekklēsía, “assembly”), from ἐκκαλέω (ekkaléō, “to call out, summon”). The Greek word was the usual…

It is inherited from Latin cohors (“enclosure, farmyard; troop”), in the contracted form cors that Latin already had. The Medieval Latin curtis is a false Latinisation of the Romance word. Italian…

It is inherited from Latin partiō (“to divide, share out”), the Late Latin active form of classical partior, from pars (“part”). DELI treats the verb “to divide” as a learned word, while Nocentini…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *eccum istum (“behold, this one”), from Latin eccum (“here he is!”) and iste (“that (of yours), this”). The first part also survives in ecco, the second in Old…

It is inherited from Latin sānctus (“sacred, inviolable”), properly the past participle of sanciō (“to make sacred and inviolable, ratify”). The word is found throughout Romance: French saint…

It is inherited from Latin voster (“your”), from the accusative vostrum, the popular form of classical vester. The form with ⟨o⟩ is recorded from the 2nd century AD; DELI, quoting Tekavčić, explains…

It is inherited from Latin amō (“to love”). The verb is found in nearly all the Romance languages, though not in Romanian: French aimer (older Old French amer, from the 9th-century “Sequence of…

It is inherited from Latin amor (“love”), from the accusative ⟨amorem⟩. The Latin noun is formed from amō (“to love”) with the suffix -or, as clāmor is from clāmō. The word is continued in nearly…

It is inherited from Latin antea (“before, previously”), the adverb formed from ante (“before”), according to one explanation DELI gives, or a comparative Vulgar Latin *antius, according to the…

It is inherited from Latin bellus (“pretty, charming”), a diminutive of bonus (“good”). DELI and the LEI describe it as a word of familiar and affectionate speech, at first used by women and…

It is inherited from Latin certus (“fixed, settled; sure”). The Latin adjective is in origin the past participle of Latin cernō (“to sift, distinguish, decide”), so that its first meaning was…

It is inherited from Latin causa (“cause, reason; lawsuit”), which through the sense “affair, business” took the place of rēs (“thing”) in speech. The Latin diphthong “au” became “o”, as in other…

It is inherited from Latin crēdō (“to trust, believe; to entrust”). The word is panromance: French croire, Occitan creire, Catalan creure, Spanish creer, Portuguese crer, Sardinian crere and…

It is inherited from Latin cūra (“care, concern; treatment; administration”). DELI classes the word as learned, together with curare and curatore, while DEI and Meyer-Lübke count it among the words…

It is inherited from Latin fidem (“trust; faith; loyalty”). With the Latin derivatives fidēlis and fidēlitās it gave fedele and fedeltà. Battaglia's dictionary (GDLI) calls it a learned word that…

It is inherited from Latin frātellus (“little brother”), a diminutive of frāter (“brother”). DELI and Nocentini give it as a word of spoken Latin, DEI as a Late Latin word recorded by the…

It is inherited from Late Latin frigdus, the syncopated Late Latin form of Latin frīgidus (“cold”). The short form is attested as “fricda” in the Appendix Probi, which corrects it to “frigida”, and…

It is inherited from Late Latin cattus, with its feminine catta and the manuscript variants gattus and gatta. The Late Latin word, first in Palladius in the 4th century, replaced classical Latin…

It is inherited from Latin iam (“now, already”). The word is common to most of the Romance languages: French ja, Occitan ja, Catalan ja, Spanish ya, Portuguese já and Sardinian ja, with Friulian…

It is inherited from Late Latin mattus, but the history of that word is disputed. Most dictionaries connect it with the colloquial matus (“drunk”) of Petronius (“plane mattus sum”, “I am thoroughly…

It is borrowed from Medieval Latin theodiscus (“of the people, vernacular”), a Latin rendering of a Germanic adjective Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz derived from *þeudō (“people”), the word behind…

It is inherited from Latin dēnārius (“a coin worth ten asses”), short for a phrase meaning “coin of ten”, from dēnī (“ten each, ten at a time”), the distributive of decem (“ten”). Wiktionary takes…

It is inherited from Latin latus (“side, flank”), a neuter noun with the stem ⟨later-⟩. Latin already used it in mathematics (Quintilian), and in Late Latin it became a preposition: “ad latus”…

It is inherited from Latin mēnsis (“month”), from the accusative ⟨mensem⟩. The word is found in all the Romance languages: French mois, Occitan mes, Catalan mes, Spanish mes, Portuguese mês…

It is inherited from Latin medietās (“the middle; half”), from the accusative medietātem, with the middle syllable dropped and the ending ⟨-tem⟩ lost. The Latin noun was formed on medius (“middle”)…

It is borrowed from Latin proximus (“nearest, next”), a learned word, the superlative of prope (“near”). Wiktionary counts it as inherited, but DELI, Nocentini, DEI and GDLI all treat it as taken…

The origin of this word, a common term of trade since the Middle Ages, has long been disputed. The explanation that DELI, Nocentini and GRADIT now favour was set out by Henry and Renée Kahane: it is…

It is inherited from Latin sē (“himself, herself, themselves”), the reflexive pronoun. The same pronoun is French soi, Occitan se, Catalan se, Portuguese si, Sardinian se, Spanish sí and Romanian…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *adbassiāre, a derivative of Latin bassus (“low”), according to DELI, which follows the LEI. Nocentini, Devoto, GRADIT and the TLIO treat it instead as formed in…

It is from Italian a + canto (“corner, side”), the phrase “a canto” “at the side” written as one word, with the doubled consonant of the preposition. The noun “canto” “corner, side” is Latin canthus…

It is borrowed from Latin accessus (“approach, access”), a learned word. The Latin noun, which had a medical sense too, was formed from accēdō (“to approach”) with the suffix -tus. The verb is ad-…

It is from Italian a- + compagno (“companion”) + -are, a verb formed on the noun with a prefix and a verb ending at the same time. DEI, GRADIT and GDLI compare French accompagner, recorded from the…

It is borrowed from Gothic *haribergo (“military lodging”), a reconstructed Gothic compound of 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌹𐍃 (harjis, “army”) and a noun related to 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌲𐌰𐌽 (bairgan, “to keep, protect”). Devoto–Oli traces…

It is from Italian al + meno written as one word, literally “at the least”. The Romance languages have parallel phrases: French au moins, Spanish al menos, Portuguese ao menos and Catalan almenys.

It is inherited from Late Latin altitia (“height”), a derivative of Latin altus (“high”) with the suffix -itia. The Late Latin word, recorded in the veterinary treatise of Chiron, took the place of…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *altiāre (“to raise”), formed from Latin altus (“high”). The LEI derives the verb firmly from the comparative adverb altius (“higher”), as GDLI and DEI also do, and…

It is inherited from Latin hāmus (“hook, fish-hook”). The old plural àmora leads DEI to suppose a neuter plural Vulgar Latin *hamora, as in the Calabrian dialects. The same word is Old French ain…

It is inherited from Latin antīquus (“old, former, ancient”). The LEI notes that the Latin adjective was already written with ⟨c⟩, and all the Romance languages except Romanian continue it; except…

It is inherited from Latin apertus (“open; uncovered”), the past participle of aperiō (“to open”). The Latin verb survives in Spanish abrir, Portuguese abrir and Friulian avrî, while French ouvrir…

It is inherited from Late Latin appretiāre (“to value, appraise”), a verb formed in Late Latin on Latin pretium (“price, value”) with the prefix ad-. The Late Latin verb is first found in…

It is inherited from Latin aperiō (“to open, uncover”). Sabatini–Coletti notes the loss of the vowel before the stress. The Latin verb survives in Friulian avrî, Romansh avrir, Spanish abrir and…

It is inherited from Latin armātus (“armed”), the past participle of armō (“to arm”), from arma (“weapons”). The modern dictionaries treat it as the past participle of Italian armare, and DELI lists…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *arrestāre (“to stop”), formed on Latin restō (“to stay behind, stop”) with the reinforcing prefix ad-. The LEI holds that the verb must belong to Late Latin…

It is a phrase meaning “in a circle” written as one word: from Italian a (“to, at”) + torno (“turn, circuit”). Devoto analysed it in the same way. The noun, now obsolete, is derived from tornare…

It is a parasynthetic verb, formed from Italian a- + vicino (“near”) + -are with the prefix strengthening the sense. DEI sets it in a Western Romance group with French avoisiner, Spanish avecinar…