insegnante

Forms

insegnante m or f by sense (plural insegnanti)^[1]

Etymology

It is the present participle of insegnare (“to teach”), used as an adjective and a noun: from Italian insegnare + -ante.^[2][3][4][5] The verb comes from Late Latin īnsignāre (“to imprint signs, mark”), recorded in glosses, from signō (“to mark”), derived from signum (“sign”).^[2][3][5][1] Migliorini, quoted by DELI, suggested that “insegnare”, like apprendere and imparare, was born in student slang, from “to engrave, to drive into the head”.^[2] The verb is pan-Romance: French enseigner, Occitan ensenhar, Catalan ensenyar, Spanish enseñar, Portuguese ensinar, and Romanian însemna (“to mean”).^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELI's first record is in Giovanni Dominici (before 1419), as a participle and adjective, “teaching”.^[2] Dominici describes certain books as “più insegnanti d'amare secondo carne che mostratori di buon costumi” (“teaching more how to love according to the flesh than showing good conduct”).^[6][7]

Semantic evolution

For a long time the word was mainly a participle and adjective;^[7][6] Tommaseo records ordini religiosi insegnanti, the teaching orders, and Chiesa insegnante, the Church in its teaching authority.^[7][6] The noun insegnante, a person qualified to teach a subject, is dated by DELI to Tommaseo's dictionary in 1869.^[2] The adjective lives on in corpo insegnante, the teaching staff of a school, used by Carlo Cattaneo in the 19th century.^[6][8]

In modern use insegnante is the general professional term, beside docente, maestro for primary school and professore for secondary school; the insegnante di sostegno supports pupils with disabilities in the classroom.^{[8][9][10][4]}

Timeline

• Before 1419 – Giovanni Dominici uses insegnante as an adjective.^[2]
• 1869 – Tommaseo's dictionary records the noun “teacher”.^[2]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Teaching, whose task is to teach.^[4][11][9]

Noun

1. A teacher, someone who teaches, especially by profession: Mia sorella fa l'insegnante di matematica.^[5][4][11]

Related words

• insegnare
• insegnamento
• segno
• docente
• Latin signum

Usage notes

Insegnante is masculine or feminine according to the person.^[1][4] Corpo insegnante is the teaching staff of a school, and insegnante di sostegno a teacher who supports pupils with disabilities.^[8][10][4]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
3. ^ a b c Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
4. ^ a b c d e f Devoto, Giacomo; Oli, Gian Carlo; Serianni, Luca; Trifone, Maurizio (2026), Nuovo Devoto–Oli: il vocabolario dell'italiano contemporaneo, digital ed., Milano: Le Monnier
5. ^ a b c De Mauro, Tullio (ed.) (2003), Grande dizionario italiano dell'uso, CD-ROM version 2.0, Torino: UTET
6. ^ a b c d Battaglia, Salvatore; Bàrberi Squarotti, Giorgio (1961–2002), Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, 21 vols., Torino: UTET; digital ed. Accademia della Crusca, p. 8, 93
7. ^ a b c Tommaseo, Niccolò; Bellini, Bernardo (1861–1879), Dizionario della lingua italiana, 4 vols., Torino: UTET
8. ^ a b c Zingarelli, Nicola (2009), Lo Zingarelli 2010: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Bologna: Zanichelli
9. ^ a b Vocabolario della lingua italiana Treccani (2011), Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana
10. ^ a b Gabrielli, Aldo (2020), Grande dizionario italiano, digital ed., Milano: Hoepli
11. ^ a b Sabatini, Francesco; Coletti, Vittorio; Manfredini, Manuela (2026), Dizionario italiano Sabatini Coletti, digital ed., Milano: Sansoni / Rizzoli Larousse