prohibición

Forms

prohibición f (plural prohibiciones)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin prohibitiō (“prevention, prohibition”), a learned word.^[2][1][3] The Latin noun is formed from prohibeō (“to keep away, prevent, forbid”) with -tiō, and the verb from habeō (“to have, hold”) with prō (“forward, away”).^[4][1][5][6]

The noun is older in Spanish than the verb prohibir, which Corominas first finds in 1515; since Alfonso de Palencia already used the noun in 1490, he thinks the verb must have been used earlier.^[6][5] The old Castilian word for “to forbid” was vedar.^[6] Wiktionary also analyses the noun as the verb with the suffix -ción.^[1]

The same Latin word gave Catalan prohibició, Portuguese proibição, recorded from 1573, and French prohibition.^[7][8][9][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first CDH hit without a later copy is Juan Fernández de Heredia's translation of Eutropius (1377–1399), where a ruler who was forbidden to enter the church sufrio humilment la prohibicion, “humbly bore the prohibition”.^[10] An earlier hit, in the Caballero del cisne dated before 1300, survives only in an edition of 1503.^[10] The dictionaries date it later: the BDELC about 1440, the DCECH to Alfonso de Palencia in 1490.^[5][6]

Semantic evolution

In the 15th century it belongs to the language of chancery and law: an Aragonese ordinance of 1414 and a pragmatic of Juan II of 1442 use it.^[10] Nebrija's Latin dictionary of 1492 renders Latin prohibitio by vedamiento, the native word.^[3] In the Americas it appears in Peru in 1554, about the suspension of the ban on personal service.^[11]

Autoridades quotes it from the laws of the Recopilación, and records the astrological prohibición de luz, said of a slow planet placed between two faster ones.^[12] The meaning has stayed “the action and effect of prohibiting”.^[13][2]

Timeline

• 1377–1399 – Fernández de Heredia's translation of Eutropius has prohibicion.^[10]
• 1414 – an ordinance for Zaragoza uses it.^[10]
• c. 1440 – the BDELC's first record.^[5]
• 1490 – Alfonso de Palencia uses it, the DCECH's first record.^[6]
• 1515 – first record of the verb prohibir.^[6][5]
• 1554 – the first record from the Americas, in Peru.^[11]
• 1884 – the Academy's dictionary derives it from Latin prohibitio.^[13]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act and effect of prohibiting (prohibir); a prohibition, ban: El ayuntamiento levantó la prohibición de aparcar en la plaza.^[2][1][14]

Related words

• prohibir
• prohibitivo
• inhibición
• exhibición
• Latin prohibitiō
• Portuguese proibição

Usage notes

Levantar la prohibición means to lift a ban.^[14]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. prohibición
3. ^ a b Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. prohibición
4. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
5. ^ a b c d e Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. prohibir
6. ^ a b c d e f Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 4, 659
7. ^ Alcover, Antoni M.; Moll, Francesc de B. (1930–1962), Diccionari català-valencià-balear, 10 vols., Palma de Mallorca: Moll, p. s.v. prohibició
8. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. proibição
9. ^ Nascentes, Antenor (1966), Dicionário etimológico resumido, Rio de Janeiro: Instituto Nacional do Livro, p. s.v. proibição
10. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. prohibición
11. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. prohebición
12. ^ Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 5, s.v. prohibición
13. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 869
14. ^ a b Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. prohibición