English words first recorded in the 9th century

It is inherited from Middle English offren, inherited from Old English offrian (“to bring forward; to sacrifice”), an early Germanic borrowing borrowed from Late Latin offerō (“to present in…

It is inherited from Middle English oxe, inherited from Old English oxa, plural oxan, from Proto-West Germanic *ohsō, from Proto-Germanic *uhsô. Its Germanic cognates include Old Frisian oxa, Old…

It is inherited from Middle English plante, borrowed from Old English plante (“young plant, sprout”), itself from Latin planta (“sprout, shoot, cutting”), and later reborrowed from Old French…

1. The pledge is inherited from Middle English plight, inherited from Old English pliht (“danger, risk”), with the verb Old English plihtan (“to endanger”), from Proto-Germanic *plehti-. Its…

It is inherited from Middle English quaken, also cwakien and quakien, inherited from Old English cwacian (“to quake, tremble, chatter (of teeth)”). Old English also had the prefixed acwacian and the…

It is inherited from Middle English repen, also ripen, inherited from Old English rīpan, with the forms reopan (Mercian) and repan. Its further origin is uncertain: the Shorter Oxford, the Oxford…

It is inherited from Middle English right, earlier riht, inherited from Old English riht, Anglian reht, from Proto-Germanic *rehtaz. Old English already used it as an adjective and a noun, with the…

It is inherited from Middle English risen, inherited from Old English rīsan (“to rise from sleep, stand up”), usually in ārīsan or gerīsan, from Proto-Germanic *us-rīsanan, “to go up”, the source…

It is inherited from Middle English sone, inherited from Old English sōna (“at once, immediately”), from Proto-Germanic *sæno, whose relatives include Old Frisian sōn (“at once”) and Old High German…

The verb is Middle English sparen, inherited from Old English sparian (“to refrain from harming, allow to go free”), cognate with Old Frisian sparia, Old High German sparōn and Old Norse spara, all…

It is inherited from Middle English sterre, inherited from Old English steorra, from Proto-Germanic *sternan-. Its cognates include Old Frisian stēra, Old Saxon sterro, Dutch ster, German Stern and…

It is inherited from Middle English ston, inherited from Old English stān, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, the source also of Old Saxon and Old Frisian stēn, Dutch steen, German Stein, Old Norse…

It is inherited from Middle English suken, souken, inherited from Old English sūcan, from Proto-Germanic *suk-, from Proto-Indo-European *seue- (“to take liquid”), probably imitative, the source…

It is inherited from Middle English swete, inherited from Old English swēte (“pleasing to the senses, mind or feelings”), Mercian swoete, from Proto-Germanic *swōtijaz, the source also of Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle English thin, inherited from Old English þīn (“thy, thine; of thee”), the possessive of þū (“thou”), originally also its genitive, from Proto-Germanic *þīnaz. Its…

It is inherited from Middle English tre, tree, inherited from Old English trēow (“tree; timber, wood, beam”), trēo, from Proto-Germanic *trewam, from Proto-Indo-European *drew-o-, a suffixed form of…

It is inherited from Middle English utmest, also utemest, inherited from Old English ūtemest, also ūtmest, a double superlative of ūt (“out”) or ūte with the suffix -mest; compare foremost and…

It is inherited from Middle English wet, partly the past participle of the verb weten, inherited from Old English wǣtan (“to wet, moisten”), and partly inherited from Old English wǣt (“moist…

It is inherited from Old English hwǣte (before 830), from *hwaitjaz, cognate with Old Saxon hwēti, Dutch weit, German Weizen, Old Norse hveiti and Gothic hwaiteis. It is related to white, presumably…

It is inherited from Middle English wombe, also wambe, inherited from Old English wamb, also womb, belly, womb, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wambō (“womb, belly”), a Germanic word of unknown…

It is inherited from Middle English yanen, an alteration of yonen and yenen, inherited from Old English ginian, also gionian and geonian (“to gape, open the mouth wide”), from Proto-Germanic…

It is inherited from Middle English arewe, arwe, inherited from Old English arwe, earlier earh, probably borrowed from Old Norse ǫr (“arrow”) (genitive ǫrvar), from Proto-Germanic *arhwō, related to…

It is inherited from Middle English six, inherited from Old English siex (also six, earlier sex), from Proto-Germanic *seks, from Proto-Indo-European *s(w)eks (“six”). Its relatives include German…

It is inherited from Middle English thought, thoht, inherited from Old English þōht, more often ġeþōht, formed from the stem of þencan (“to conceive in the mind, consider”) (see think). According to…

It is inherited from Middle English were, inherited from Old English wer (“dam, fence, enclosure for catching fish”), from the stem of the verb werian (“to defend; to hinder; to dam up”). Old…

It is inherited from Middle English nyne, nihene, inherited from Old English nigon, nigen, from Proto-Germanic *newun, from Proto-Indo-European *newn (“nine”). It is cognate with Old Frisian nigun…

It is inherited from Middle English diche, inherited from Old English dīc (“ditch, dike”), cognate with Old Saxon dīk, Dutch dijk, German Teich (“pond”) and Old Norse díki, of unknown origin. The…

1. The embankment or ditch is inherited from Middle English dik, also dyke, inherited from Old English dīc (“trench, ditch; earthwork, bank”), from Proto-Germanic *dīkaz. It is the same word as…

1. The hole is inherited from Middle English pit, put, inherited from Old English pytt (“water hole, well, pit”), from Proto-West Germanic *puttī, an early West Germanic borrowing of Latin puteus…

It is inherited from Middle English thinne, inherited from Old English þynne (“narrow, lean, scanty, weak”), from Proto-Germanic *thunnuz, the source also of Dutch dun, German dünn and Old Norse…

It is inherited from Middle English archebishop (also erchebishop), inherited from Old English ærcebisceop (also ercebiscop), from Late Latin archiepiscopus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχιεπίσκοπος…

It is inherited from Middle English breden, inherited from Old English brēdan (“to bring young to birth; cherish, keep warm”), earlier brœdan, from Proto-West Germanic *brōdjan, source also of…

1. The heel of the foot is inherited from Middle English hele, inherited from Old English hēla, from Proto-Germanic *hanhilaz, a diminutive, cognate with Old Frisian hēla, Dutch hiel and Old Norse…

It is inherited from Middle English streme, strem, inherited from Old English strēam (“a course of water”), from Proto-Germanic *strauma-, the source also of Old Saxon strōm, Old Norse straumr…

It is inherited from Middle English benethe, inherited from Old English beneoþan (“below, underneath”), from be- (“by, about”) and neoþan (“below, down, from below”), from Proto-Germanic *niþar…

It is inherited from Middle English clif, inherited from Old English clif (“steep face of rock, promontory, slope”), from Proto-Germanic *kliban, source also of Old Saxon clif, Old Norse klif, Dutch…

It is inherited from Middle English dep, inherited from Old English dēop (“deep; profound, mysterious”), from Proto-Germanic *deupaz, the source also of Old Saxon diop, Dutch diep, German tief, Old…

1. To grasp or keep is inherited from Middle English holden, inherited from Old English haldan (West Saxon healdan), from Proto-Germanic *haldaną. Its cognates include Old Frisian halda, Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle English heghewei, inherited from Old English hēahweġ (“main road”), a compound of hēah “high” in the sense “main” and weg “way”, the sources of high and way.

It is inherited from Middle English stok, inherited from Old English stocc (“stump, post, stake; trunk of a tree; log”), from Proto-Germanic *stukkaz, the source also of Old Frisian and Old Saxon…

It is inherited from Middle English wodeland, also wodelond, inherited from Old English wuduland, also spelled wudulond, a compound from Old English wudu (“wood”) + land (“land”), the ancestors of…

It is inherited from Middle English rode (“a riding, journey”) (also rade), inherited from Old English rād (“riding, journey; hostile incursion”), from Proto-Germanic *raidō, derived from the root…

It is inherited from Middle English shittle, inherited from Old English scytel (“dart, arrow”), from Proto-Germanic *skutilaz, cognate with Old Norse skutill (“harpoon”), related to scēotan (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English weke, wike, inherited from Old English wice, also wicu and wucu, from Proto-Germanic *wikōn, which probably first meant “turn, succession”. Its cognates are Old…

It is inherited from Middle English abbot, also abbod and abbat, inherited from Old English abbod, also abbad, borrowed from Late Latin abbās (“father; title of monks; abbot”), from Ancient Greek…

It is inherited from Middle English aboute, earlier abuten, inherited from Old English abūtan, recorded about 1000 in Ælfric's work on astronomy, a reduced form of earlier onbūtan (“on the outside…

It is inherited from Middle English ancre, anker, borrowed from Old English ancor (“anchor”), borrowed in the 9th century from Latin ancora, from Greek ἄγκυρα (ánkyra, “anchor, hook”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English appel, inherited from Old English æppel (“apple; any fruit”), from Proto-Germanic *aplaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ab(e)l- (“apple”), though the exact relation…

It is inherited from Middle English bak, inherited from Old English bæc, from Proto-Germanic *baką. It is cognate with Old Saxon bak, Old Frisian bek, Middle Dutch bak, Old Norse bak and Old High…

It is inherited from Middle English biyonde, inherited from Old English begeondan (“on the other side of, from the farther side”), from Old English be- (“by”) + geondan (“from the farther side”)…

It is inherited from Middle English along, inherited from Old English andlang (“entire, continuous; alongside of”), a compound, from Old English and- (“opposite, against”) + lang (“long”). The…

It is Middle English craft, inherited from Old English cræft (“power, strength; skill, art”), from Proto-Germanic *kraftaz, which is also the source of Old Frisian kreft, Old Saxon kraft, Old High…

It is inherited from Middle English derling, inherited from Old English dēorling (“one much beloved, a favourite”), dyrling, formed from dēore, dear, and the suffix -ling. The change of e to a in…

It is inherited from Middle English drie, inherited from Old English drȳġe, from Proto-Germanic *draugiz, which is also the source of Middle Low German dröge, Middle Dutch drōge (Dutch droog), Old…

It is inherited from Middle English ernen, inherited from Old English earnian (“to deserve, labour for, get a reward for labour”), from Proto-Germanic *aznon (“to do harvest work”), a verb from…

It is inherited from Middle English inoh, later ynough, inherited from Old English ġenōg, also ġenōh, from Proto-Germanic *ganōgaz, a compound of the prefix *ga- (Old English ġe-) and a root seen in…

It is inherited from Middle English fredom, inherited from Old English frēodōm (“power of self-determination, free will; emancipation, deliverance”), from frēo, the source of free, and -dōm, the…

It is inherited from Middle English iland, yland, inherited from Old English īegland, īgland, from Old English īeg (“island”) + land (“land”). Old English īeg is from Proto-Germanic *aujō (“thing on…

It is inherited from Old English gecyndelīc (“natural, innate, lawful”), cyndelīc, from gecynd, nature, kind (see kind), and -līc (see -ly). The adverb is Old English gecyndelīce, naturally.

It is inherited from Old English lifer, from Proto-Germanic *librō, source also of Old Norse lifr, Old Frisian livere, Dutch lever and German Leber, perhaps from PIE Proto-Indo-European *leip- (“to…