English words first recorded in the 17th century

It is formed from English scene + -ary, in its first sense after Italian scenario, and was later reshaped to end in -ery; the older form was scenary. Klein derives this form from Latin scēnārius…

It is borrowed from Italian sonata (“a piece of instrumental music”), literally "sounded", that is, played on an instrument as opposed to a cantata, which is sung. The Italian word is the noun use…

It is a back-formation from English stoker, one who tends a furnace (1660), which is from Dutch stoker, an agent noun from stoken (“to feed a fire, to stoke”), from Middle Dutch stōken (“to poke…

It is formed from English acoustic + -ics, or, in the OED's analysis, from the adjective used as a noun, like other names of sciences in -ics. The OED compares post-classical New Latin acoustica…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀφροδισιακός (aphrodīsiakós, “inducing sexual desire, sexual, venereal”), from ἀφροδίσιος (aphrodísios, “of Aphrodite, sacred to Aphrodite”), whose neuter plural…

It is a compound from English back + log, first naming a large log placed at the back of a fire. Etymonline suggests that the later senses, "something stored up" and "arrears of orders", may come…

It is formed from English broad + -en. The OED compares older verbs of similar meaning and the earlier widen. The adjective is from Old English brād, from Proto-Germanic *braidaz, which has no known…

It is formed from English dare + devil, one who dares the devil. For the formation, the OED compares cutthroat and scarecrow, and Etymonline also killjoy, pickpocket and dreadnought.

It is borrowed from French détacher (“to detach, untie”), earlier destacher, from Old French destachier, recorded from the 12th century. Most dictionaries analyse this as des- (“apart”), from Latin…

It is borrowed from Latin effervēscēns (“boiling up”), the present participle of effervēscō (“to boil up, boil over”), from ex (“out, up”), assimilated before f, and fervēscō (“to begin to boil”)…

It is borrowed from New Latin euphoria, from Ancient Greek εὐφορία (euphoría, “power of enduring easily; fertility”), from εὔφορος (eúphoros, “bearing well, healthy”), formed from εὖ (eû, “well”)…

It is borrowed from French faux (“false”), from Old French fals, from Latin falsus, also the source of false. The French word dates from the 12th century. English used it earlier in borrowed French…

It is formed from English imperial + -ism, after imperialist. Imperial is from Old French imperial, from Latin imperiālis (“of the empire or emperor”), from imperium (“command, empire”), the source…

It is formed from English micro- + -phone, after microscope, from Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) and φωνή (phōnḗ, “sound, voice”), from Proto-Indo-European *bha- (“to speak”). The idea was…

It is borrowed from French natron, recorded in French in 1665 and as naitron in 1653, which is from Arabic نَطْرُون (naṭrūn), from Ancient Greek νίτρον (nítron, “sodium carbonate, natron”). Most…

It is borrowed from Latin stimulus (“a goad, spur; an incentive”), first taken up in medical books written in Latin. In Latin the word meant a pointed stick for driving cattle, and figuratively a…

It comes from a 17th-century verb meaning “to cheat, hoax”, probably a dialect variant from Middle English fonnen (“to make a fool of, be foolish”), from fon (“a fool”), a word of unknown origin and…

It is borrowed from French réfugié (“gone in search of refuge”), the past participle of (se) réfugier, to take refuge, from refuge, Latin refugium, a place to flee back to (see refuge), from re-…

It is borrowed from French sortie (“a going out”), the noun use of the feminine past participle of sortir (“to go out”), which goes back to Old French sortir (“to go out, escape”). Etymonline dates…

It is a compound formed from English store + room. The first part goes back through Old French estorer (“to provide, furnish”) to Latin instaurō (“to set up, renew”), and the second through Old…

It is probably an alteration of earlier suffe (1599), of uncertain origin, perhaps influenced by surge. Because suff and surf were first used of the coast of India, and the earliest record is from…

It is the plural, and the usual form, of barrack, borrowed from French baraque (“hut, shed”), from Italian baracca (“hut”) or Spanish barraca (“soldier's tent, hut”). The American Heritage…

It is formed from English biology + -ist. The OED compares French biologiste (1832) and German Biologe (19th century). Biology itself is made of bio- and -logy.

Its origin is uncertain. Many dictionaries derive it from English flurr (“to scatter, fly up with a whirr”) + -y, probably influenced by hurry; the verb flurr is recorded from 1661 and is itself…

It is borrowed from French groupe (“cluster, group”), from Italian gruppo (“group, knot”), a by-form of groppo (“knot, tangle”), probably from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“round mass, lump”), akin to…

It is formed from English menstruum + -ation, after Medieval Latin menstruatio, recorded in British sources from the late 12th century; compare Spanish menstruación and French menstruation. Barnhart…

It is borrowed from French commandant (“commanding; the one commanding”), the present participle of commander (“to command”) used as a noun, from Old French comander (“to order, enjoin”), from…

It is borrowed from Late Latin convergō (“to incline together”), a verb used by Isidore, from Latin com- (“together”) and vergō (“to bend, turn, incline”). Merriam-Webster Unabridged calls the…

It is a compound from English live + stock, with stock in its sense of the movable property of a farm, especially its animals. The farm's implements were sometimes called “dead stock”.

It is from English machine + -ery. Middle English had machinament, a contrivance (early 15th century).

It is borrowed from French piquet (“pointed stake”), formed from piquer (“to prick, pierce”) and the diminutive suffix -et. The verb is in turn from pic (“pike, pick”), and is related to pike, pick…

It is apparently borrowed from Low German smukkeln, also smuggeln, or Dutch smokkelen (“to smuggle”). The earlier English form smuckle matches smukkeln and the Dutch verb, and the later smuggle…

The OED, which revised the entry in 2017, takes it as borrowed from New Latin chaoticus (“of or relating to the primordial state of the universe”), recorded from 1609 or earlier, formed from chaos…

The OED and Merriam-Webster take it as borrowed from Late Latin dēpictiō (“painting, description”), a noun of action from dēpictus, the past participle of dēpingō (“to portray, paint, sketch; to…

It is a slang shortening of mobile, the common people, the rabble (1676, the 1670s), probably with a conscious play on nobility, from Latin mōbile vulgus, the fickle common people, from mōbile, the…

Its origin is uncertain, and Merriam-Webster Unabridged and Collins call it unknown. The revised OED takes the verb, the noun for a stiff person and the adjective as apparently related to each…

It is formed from English psychology + -ical.

It is borrowed from French stratégie (16th century), and directly from Ancient Greek στρατηγία (stratēgía, “office or command of a general”), from στρατηγός (stratēgós, “general”), from στρατός…

It is borrowed from French inaugural, a 17th-century French word, formed from inaugurer (“to inaugurate”), on the model of Latin augurālis. The French verb, recorded from the 14th century, comes…

It is from English length + -y.

It is probably a shortening from English employ in its old noun sense of employment or occupation, recorded from the 1660s. That noun is from French emploi, from the verb employer, from Old French…

It is borrowed from French arrangement, from arengement, from arengier (“to arrange”) (see arrange), or formed in English from arrange and -ment.

It is formed from English congress + -al, with -ion- inserted after Latin congressio (“a meeting”).

It is probably borrowed from French marquise (“a canopy over a tent”), whose final /z/ sound was taken in English as the plural ending -s, so that a new singular was made, with its ending…

It began as a Scottish variant, in spelling and pronunciation, from English put, and in the golfing sense it is now usually kept apart from that word. The older verb goes back to Middle English…

It is borrowed from French réservoir (“storehouse”), from réserver (“to reserve”) and the suffix -oir, from Latin reservō (“to keep back, save up”) (see reserve).

It is borrowed from French salon (“reception room”), from Italian salone (“large hall”), from sala (“hall”), from a Germanic source, compare Old High German sal (“hall, house”) (modern Saal) and Old…

It is probably borrowed from French soporifique, formed in French from Latin sopor (“deep sleep”) and the suffix -ifique. The OED, which dates the French word to 1687, instead gives an unrecorded…

1. It is borrowed from French buste, from Italian busto (“upper body”), from Latin bustum, a funeral monument, tomb, originally a funeral pyre, perhaps short for ambustum, the neuter of ambustus…

1. The lump is probably a nasalized variant from English chuck in its sense "a block, a lump" or "a cut of meat". The OED calls it apparently a modification of that noun, especially common in the…

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek δραστικός (drastikós, “active, effective, efficacious”), from δραστός (drastós, “done”), the verbal adjective of δράω (dráō, “to do, act”). Barnhart and Etymonline…

It was formed from English mental + -ity, the noun suffix. In the sense "way of thinking" the OED compares mentalité, which had it earlier.

It is formed from English national + -ity, perhaps partly after French nationalité; the OED compares the French word, recorded from 1778. The adjective national comes from Middle French national…

It is formed from English republic + -an, partly after French républicain; Merriam-Webster takes it as an adaptation of the French word, from Middle French republicain, from republique. Earlier…

The verb is of uncertain origin. It began as a dialect word, in the early 19th century largely American, with a widespread variant welt. Most dictionaries take it as probably an alteration of the…

It is formed from English adapt + -able. The OED compares Medieval Latin adaptabilis, recorded from 1538 or earlier. Adapt is from Middle French adapter and adaptō (“to make fit, adjust”), from ad-…

1. The organ is borrowed from French glande, an alteration of Old French glandre (“gland, swollen gland in the neck”), from Latin glandula (“gland of the throat, tonsil”), a diminutive of glāns…

It is borrowed from Latin calyx, from Ancient Greek κάλυξ (kálux, “outer covering of a fruit, flower or bud; shell, husk, pod”). The OED, Etymonline, Hoad, Collins and Weekley connect the Greek noun…

It is formed from English god + parent, after godson, god-daughter and godchild, or after godfather and godmother. The OED compares those two earlier nouns and gossip.

It is formed from English harass + -ment.