English words first recorded in the 14th century

It is inherited from Middle English oppressioun, borrowed from Old French opression, recorded in Old French from about 1175 and in Anglo-Norman from about 1195, and partly a direct borrowing of…

1. The place of prayer is inherited from Middle English oratorie, borrowed from Anglo-Norman oratorie, and directly borrowed from Late Latin ōrātōrium (“place of prayer”), used as a noun, as in…

It is formed from English out- + cry, after the Middle English phrasal verb crien out, to cry out. The verb is Middle English outcrien, formed in the same way from the prefix and the verb.

It is formed from English oversee + -er. The verb oversee is from Middle English overseen, from Old English ofersēon (“to look down upon, keep watch over”), from ofer (“over”) and sēon (“to see”)…

It is inherited from Middle English palat, also palet, borrowed from Latin palātum (“roof of the mouth, palate; sense of taste”), and partly also borrowed from Old French palat. The modern spelling…

It is inherited from Middle English pacche, patche, of obscure origin, perhaps a variant of pece, pieche, from an Anglo-Norman form of pieche, a dialect variant of piece (see piece). Etymonline also…

It is inherited from Middle English perverten, borrowed from Old French pervertir, also parvertir, recorded in Anglo-Norman as purvertir and pervertir from the first half of the 12th century, and…

It is inherited from Middle English plage, borrowed from Old French plage and directly Late Latin plāga (“affliction; pestilence”) (in the Vulgate), from Latin plāga (“stroke, blow, wound”)…

It is inherited from Middle English pliaunt, also pleaunt, borrowed from Old French pliant (“flexible, supple; docile”), also ploiant, recorded in Anglo-Norman from about 1270 and in Old French from…

It is inherited from Middle English polluten, borrowed from Latin pollūtus (“defiled”), the past participle of polluō (“to soil, defile”). Barnhart and Etymonline also allow a back-formation from…

1. It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman portour, Old French porteor, bearer, from Late Latin portātor, one who carries, from Latin portō, to carry (see port and portable). 2. It is borrowed from…

It is inherited from Middle English president, borrowed from Old French president and directly from Latin praesidēns (“president, governor”) (stem praesident-), the noun use of the present…

It is inherited from Middle English presumen, partly borrowed from Old French presumer and partly from Latin praesūmō, the source of the French verb. In Old French presumer meant to assume or take…

It is inherited from Middle English probleme, borrowed from Old French probleme and directly borrowed from Latin problēma, from Ancient Greek πρόβλημα (próblēma, “a thing put forward, a question…

It is inherited from Middle English proporcioun, borrowed from Old French proporcion (“measure, proportion”) and directly Latin prōportiō (“comparative relation, analogy”), from the phrase prō…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman providence and providence, and partly directly borrowed from Latin prōvidentia (“foresight, precaution, foreknowledge”), a noun formed on prōvidēns, the present…

It is inherited from Middle English prudent, borrowed from Old French prudent (“wise, sensible”) and directly borrowed from Latin prūdēns (“foreseeing, aware, discreet, skilled”). The Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English rebounden, borrowed from Old French rebondir (“to leap back, resound”), formed from re- (“back”) and bondir (“to leap, bound”), the source of bound in the sense…

It is inherited from Middle English reconcilen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reconciler and reconcilier, now réconcilier, and directly borrowed from Latin reconciliō (“to bring back into friendship or…

1. The verb is inherited from Middle English refreinen, also refrenen and refrainen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman refreiner, also Old French refrener and refraigner, to restrain, repress, from Latin…

It is partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman releiver, beside Old French relever (“to raise again, relieve”), and partly a direct borrowing of its source, Latin relevō (“to raise, lighten, ease, free…

It is renewen, formed from English re- + new, on the Middle English verb newen "to resume, revive, renew", after Latin renovō (“to renew”) and Anglo-Norman renuer. Etymonline calls it a…

It is inherited from Middle English replien, borrowed from Old French replier (“to reply, turn back, fold again”), from Late Latin replicō (“to reply, repeat”), in classical Latin “to fold back…

The adjective is Middle English resident, borrowed from Old French resident and directly from Latin residēns (“remaining, settling”), the present participle of resideō (“to sit down, settle”). The…

It is inherited from Middle English residue, borrowed from Anglo-Norman residue (Middle French residu (“remainder”)), and directly borrowed from Latin residuum (“remainder, what is left behind”)…

It is inherited from Middle English resyn, also recyn and rosyn, borrowed from Old French resine, and directly from Latin rēsīna. The Anglo-Norman forms reisine and resine are recorded from the end…

It is inherited from Middle English resolucioun, borrowed from Old French resolution (14th century), and directly from Latin resolutionem (“a reducing of things into simpler forms”), a noun of…

It is inherited from Middle English reuler, from the verb reulen with -er, and partly, in the sense of a measuring strip, from the noun rule with -er; compare Old French rigleoir.

1. The small unit of weight is inherited from Middle English scrupul, earlier also scripil and scriple, borrowed from Latin scrūpulus (“a small weight”), more often scrūpulum and also scrīpulum…

It is inherited from Middle English secundarie, borrowed from Latin secundārius (“of the second class or quality, inferior”), from secundus “second”, with influence from Old French secondaire. It is…

1. The word for one who sees is formed from English see + -er, and appears in Middle English as seere. The verb is from Old English sēon, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, reconstructed as from…

It is inherited from Middle English sense, borrowed from Old French sens (“one of the five senses; meaning; wit, understanding”), and directly from Latin sēnsus (“perception, feeling, understanding…

It is inherited from Middle English sarge, later serge, borrowed from Old French sarge, also serge, from Vulgar Latin *sārica, a popular form of Latin sērica, short for the Latin phrases for silken…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman servil (“of a slave or slaves”) and Middle French servile, and also directly borrowed from Latin servīlis (“of or belonging to a slave; slavish, ignoble”), the only…

It is inherited from Middle English severen, borrowed from Anglo-Norman severer, a variant of Old French sevrer (“to separate”), from Vulgar Latin *sēperō, from Latin sēparō (“to pull apart…

It is inherited from Middle English sex, borrowed from Latin sexus (“a sex, the state of being male or female”), perhaps through Old French sexe. The Latin word is of uncertain origin. It is…

It is perhaps borrowed from Old French esclachier (“to break”), a variant of esclater (“to break, splinter”), from esclat (“splinter”), the source of slat. Hoad takes it as an aphetic form of an…

1. The word for the burned end of a candlewick is inherited from Middle English snoffe, also snuffe, of unknown origin. The OED notes that German Schnuppe, which has the same sense, does not…

It is inherited from Middle English softenen, also softnen, formed from English soft + -en. It replaced an earlier verb soft, to make soft, recorded from the early 13th century and now obsolete…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman spacioux and Middle French spacieux (“covering a wide area, extensive”), recorded in Anglo-Norman as spacios and espacios from the 12th century, and directly…

It is inherited from Middle English sprenklen, also spelled sprenkelen, sprinkle and springel, first seen before 1382 in the participle sprynkklyd. The OED takes it as apparently borrowed from…

It is inherited from Middle English steinen, borrowed from Old French desteindre (“to take the colour out of”), from its present stem desteign-, with the first syllable lost, as in distain, which…

It is inherited from Middle English subverten, borrowed from Old French subvertir (“to overthrow, destroy”) and directly borrowed from Latin subvertō (“to turn upside down, overturn, overthrow”)…

It is Middle English, from Old French supplement and directly borrowed from Latin supplēmentum (“that which fills up, something added to supply a deficiency”), from suppleō, to fill up, complete…

It is inherited from Middle English sillable, also silable and sillabil, borrowed from Anglo-Norman sillable, an alteration of Old French sillabe (12th century), modern French syllabe, from Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English testimonie, from Old Northern French testimonie and directly borrowed from Latin testimonium (“evidence, proof”), from testis (“a witness”) and the suffix -mōnium…

It is inherited from Middle English tramplen, also trampelen, formed from English tramp + -le as a frequentative verb. The OED calls it a frequentative "in form" and compares Middle High German…

It is inherited from Middle English transferren, borrowed from Old French transferer or directly from Latin trānsferō (“to bear across, carry over; to copy, translate”), from trāns- (“across”) and…

It is inherited from Middle English translatour, partly borrowed from Anglo-Norman translatour and translateur, and partly directly from Latin trānslātor, formed from trānslātus, the past participle…

It is inherited from Middle English tretee, borrowed from Anglo-Norman treté, from Old French traitié (“assembly, agreement, dealings”) (modern French traité), from Latin tractātus (“handling…

It is formed from English un- + chaste. The base is from Old French chaste (“morally pure”), from Latin castus (“clean, pure, morally pure”).

It is formed from English under- + cut, and is recorded first as Middle English undercutten (“to strike down”). The noun is from the prefix and the noun cut, partly also from the verb, and the…

It is inherited from Middle English underminen, formed from Middle English under- + mīnen (“to mine, dig”). The Oxford Dictionary of English and the Shorter Oxford think the formation was probably…

It was formed in Middle English from understanden, that is from English understand + -able.

It is formed from English undertake + -er, Middle English undertaken with the agent suffix. The verb undertake is formed from under and take, on the model of undernimen according to the OED, and…

It is formed from English undertake + -ing, and the adjective comes from the same verb, with the present-participle ending. The verb is formed from under- and take, after the older undernim…

It is inherited from Middle English usable, borrowed from Middle French usable (“available, in use”), recorded in Old French from 1254, formed from user (“to employ, make use of”) and the suffix…

1. The verb is inherited from Middle English venten, probably a shortening of aventen, borrowed from Old French aventer, a variant of esventer (“to let out, expose to the air”), from Vulgar Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English viole, a variant of fiole, the Middle English form of phial. Fiole is partly borrowed from Middle French fiole, from Medieval Latin phiola, and partly borrowed…

It is inherited from Middle English voluble, also volible, borrowed from Old French voluble or directly borrowed from Latin volūbilis (“rolling, turning; fluent”). The OED and Merriam-Webster allow…