English words first recorded in the 13th century

1. The fastener is inherited from Middle English tak, also takke, probably borrowed from Old Northern French taque (“nail, pin, peg”), a variant of Old French tache (“nail, spike, tack”). The OED…

It is inherited from Middle English coton, borrowed from Old French coton, from Arabic qutn, dialect qutun (Spanish Arabic qoton), perhaps of Egyptian origin. Through Provençal, Italian or Old…

It is inherited from Middle English taverne, borrowed from Old French taverne (“shed of boards, booth; tavern, inn”), from Latin taberna (“hut, shed; shop, inn, tavern”), probably from *traberna, by…

It is inherited from Middle English poding, also puding and pudding, probably borrowed from Anglo-Norman bodin (“sausage; in the plural, entrails”), also bodeyn, with the ending altered after nouns…

It is borrowed from Latin senior (“older, elder”), the comparative of senex (“old”) (genitive senis), from Proto-Indo-European *sénos (“old”), the source also of Old Irish sen, Ancient Greek ἕνος…

It is inherited from Middle English sucre, later sugre, borrowed from Old French sucre, from Italian zucchero and Medieval Latin succarum, from Arabic سُكَّر (sukkar), from Persian shakar…

It is an alteration, influenced by Latin conductus, of earlier conduit, condyt, from Old French conduit, conduite (“leading, guiding, escorting”), from Medieval Latin conductus, the past participle…

It is inherited from Middle English conjuren, borrowed from Old French conjurer (“to invoke, conjure, adjure”), and also directly borrowed from Latin coniūrō (“to swear together, conspire”), which…

It is inherited from Middle English corageous, also curageous and corajous, borrowed from Anglo-Norman corageous, Old French corageus, also corajus, later French courageux. The French adjective was…

It is inherited from Middle English creatour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman creatour, Old French creator, from Latin creātor (“creator, author, founder”), from creāre (“to create”) (see create).

It is inherited from Middle English deierie, dayerie, formed with Anglo-French -erie, -ery, from deie, daie, a dairymaid, female servant, from Old English dǣge, a kneader of bread, cognate with Old…

1. The fruit is inherited from Middle English date, borrowed from Old French date (modern datte), from Old Occitan datil, from Latin dactylus, from Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger, toe…

It is inherited from Middle English dette, borrowed from Old French dete, dette, from Vulgar Latin *dēbita, the plural of Latin dēbitum taken as a feminine noun, from Latin dēbitum (“thing owed”)…

It is inherited from Middle English deleien, delaien, borrowed from Old French delaier (“to put off”), from de- (“away, from”) and laier “to leave, let”, of unknown origin. Laier is perhaps a…

It is inherited from Middle English devis, devise, borrowed from Old French devis (“division; disposition, wish, desire; coat of arms, emblem; a bequest”) and devise “plan, design, will”, from…

The verb is inherited from Middle English disdeinen, also desdeinen and dedeinen, borrowed from Old French desdeignier (“to disdain, scorn, refuse”), recorded in Anglo-Norman as dedeigner and…

It is borrowed from Old French felonie (“wickedness, treachery, crime, cruelty”), formed on felon (“villain, rogue, evil-doer”), the source of felon, with the suffix that became -y. The OED…

1. The verb meaning “to establish” is inherited from Middle English founden, borrowed from Old French fonder (“to found, establish; to set, place”), also Anglo-French funder, from Latin fundō (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English fraunchise, borrowed from Old French franchise (“freedom, exemption; right, privilege”), from franch-, a stem of franc (“free”) (feminine franche; see frank), and…

It is inherited from Middle English goute, also gute, borrowed from Old French goute, also gote (modern goutte), meaning both a drop and gout, from Latin gutta (“drop”), which in Medieval Latin was…

It is inherited from Middle English grape, borrowed from Old French grape (“bunch of grapes”), also grappe and crape, modern grappe. The French noun was probably formed from the verb graper (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English grece, later grese and gres, borrowed from Anglo-Norman grece, also gresse, from Old French craisse, later graisse, from Vulgar Latin *crassia (“(melted) animal…

It is inherited from Middle English grevous, borrowed from Anglo-Norman grevous (“burdensome, oppressive, heavy”), Old French grevos or greveus, from grever (“to burden, harm”), from Latin gravō…

It is inherited from Middle English erbe, usually so spelt in Middle English, borrowed from Old French erbe (“grass, herb, plant fed to animals”) (modern herbe), from Latin herba (“grass, green…

It is inherited from Middle English hostesse, also ostesse, borrowed from Old French ostesse, also hostesse, the feminine of oste (“host, guest”), now hôtesse. The Old French noun is formed with the…

1. The aromatic substance is inherited from Middle English encens, also ansens, borrowed from Old French encens (12th century), also ancens, from Late Latin incēnsum (“incense, literally that which…

It is inherited from Middle English enqueste, also anqueste and inqueste, borrowed from Old French enqueste (“inquiry”), now enquête. The Anglo-Norman word is recorded from the late 12th century…

It is borrowed from Old French instrument (“means, device; musical instrument”) and directly borrowed from Latin instrumentum (“tool, apparatus, furniture, dress, document”), from instruere (“to…

It is inherited from Middle English ile, borrowed from Old French ile (earlier isle, modern French île), from Latin īnsula (“island”), a word of uncertain origin; following the ancients, some derive…

It is inherited from Middle English jointe, borrowed from Old French joint (“joint of the body”), past participle of joindre (“to join”), from Latin iūnctus (“united, connected”), past participle of…

It is inherited from Middle English jus, juis, borrowed from Old French jus (“juice, sap, broth”), from Latin iūs (“broth, sauce, vegetable juice”), related to Sanskrit यूष (yūṣa) “soup”, Old Church…

It is inherited from Middle English launce, borrowed from Old French lance (“spear, lance”), from Latin lancea (“light spear”), which Varro said was a Spanish word, so that it may be Celtiberian or…

It is inherited from Middle English liue, used in the phrase “in liue of”, borrowed from Anglo-Norman liu, also lieu, later replaced by the form borrowed from Middle French lieu, which in Old French…

It is inherited from Middle English ministre, borrowed from Old French ministre (“servant”), also menistre “servant, household officer, minstrel”, and directly borrowed from Latin minister…

It is inherited from Middle English occean, borrowed from Old French occean (“ocean”) (modern French océan), from Latin ōceanus, from Ancient Greek ὠκεανός (ōkeanós, “the great river or sea…

It is inherited from Middle English parfit (“flawless, ideal”), borrowed from Old French parfit (“finished, completed, ready”) (modern parfait), from Latin perfectus (“completed, excellent…

It is inherited from Middle English pissen, borrowed from Old French pissier (“to urinate”), from Vulgar Latin *pissiō, of imitative origin. Word Origins notes that forms of the word are found in…

It is inherited from Middle English polle, pol “head, hair of the head”, probably borrowed from Middle Low German polle (“head, top”) or Middle Dutch pol, probably related to Latin bulla “bubble”…

It is inherited from Middle English porche, borrowed from Old French porche (“porch, vestibule”), from Latin porticus (“colonnade, covered walk, porch”), from porta (“gate, entrance”) (see port)…

It is inherited from Middle English porc, pork, borrowed from Old French porc (“pig, swine”) and directly from Latin porcus (“pig, tame swine”), from Proto-Indo-European *porko-, young pig, cognate…

It is inherited from Middle English poudre, borrowed from Old French poudre (“dust, powder, ashes”), earlier pouldre, from Latin pulvis (“dust, powder”) (genitive pulveris; see pulverize and…

It is inherited from Middle English principal, borrowed from Old French principal (“main, most important; princely”), and directly from Latin prīncipālis (“first in importance, original”), from…

It is inherited from Middle English purpos, porpos, borrowed from Anglo-Norman purpos (“aim, intention”), Old French porpos, from porposer “to put forth”, from por- (“forth”), from Latin prō-, and…

It is inherited from Middle English qualite, borrowed from Old French qualité (“quality, nature, characteristic”), from Latin quālitās (“a quality, property; nature”), said to have been coined by…

It is inherited from Middle English reaume, rem, later realme, borrowed from Old French reaume (“kingdom”), realme (modern French royaume), probably from Gallo-Romance *regiminem, formed on Latin…

It is inherited from Middle English scars, also scarse, borrowed from Anglo-Norman scars, a shortened form of escars, beside Old French eschars, modern French échars. The Anglo-Norman word is…

It is inherited from Middle English seculer, borrowed from Old French seculer (modern French séculier), and directly Late Latin saeculāris (“worldly, secular, pagan”), in classical Latin “of an age…

It is inherited from Middle English saisen, seisen, borrowed from Old French seisir (later saisir, as in modern French), which meant to put someone in possession of something, to take possession of…

1. The noun is inherited from Middle English slabbe, also sclabbe, of unknown origin. A borrowing from Old French esclape (“splinter, thin fragment of wood”) has been suggested, but the OED rejects…

It is inherited from Middle English sclaundre, also slaundre and sclandre, borrowed from Anglo-Norman esclaundre and Old French esclandre (“scandalous statement”), an alteration of escandle, from…

It is inherited from Middle English sclave, borrowed from Old French esclave, and directly borrowed from Medieval Latin sclavus (“slave, captive”), which is identical with the ethnic name Sclavus…

It is inherited from Middle English summe, somme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman summe, summe (“amount, total; essential point”) (modern French somme), from summa (“the top; main thing, essence…

It is inherited from Middle English suspenden, borrowed from Old French suspendre, also sospendre, or directly from its source Latin suspendō (“to hang up; to interrupt, set aside”), from sus-, a…

It is borrowed from Anglo-Norman suspecioun, Old French sospeçon, mistrust (modern soupçon), from Latin suspectiō, mistrust, fear, from suspect-, past participle stem of suspiciō, to look up at…

It is inherited from Middle English sustenen, borrowed from Old French sustenir (“to hold up, endure”) (modern French soutenir), from Latin sustineō (“to hold up, support, endure”), from sub- (“up…

It is swete herte, a compound from English sweet + heart. Etymonline notes that it was properly written separately until the Elizabethans began to run it together.

It is borrowed from Old French simphonie (“harmony; a musical instrument”), also taken directly from symphōnia (“a harmony of sounds, a concert; a musical instrument”), from Ancient Greek συμφωνία…

The verb is inherited from Middle English tasten (“to touch, examine by touch; to taste”), borrowed from Old French taster (“to feel, touch; to taste”) (French tâter), from Vulgar Latin *tastō…

It is inherited from Middle English techer, formed from Middle English techen (“to teach”) + -er, from the verb teach and the agent suffix -er.

It is Middle English, borrowed from Latin testamentum (“a last will”), from testor, to make a will, bear witness, from testis, witness, generally taken to be from *tri-st-i-, a third person standing…