Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the German word englisch

Confidence
Established
Formation
Derivation
First attested
1215–1225, Rudolf von Ems, Der guote Gêrhart
Inherited from
Middle High German englisch
Ultimate origin
Old English (Engle)

Pronunciation

  • /ˈɛŋ.lɪʃ/[1]

Forms

englisch (strong nominative masculine singular englischer, not comparable)[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Middle High German englisch, also engelsch,[2][3] formed from the first part of the name England with the suffix -isch.[2][1] The name of the country goes back to Old English Engle (“the Angles”).[2] The same formation is Middle Low German engelsch and Middle Dutch engelsc.[2] Wiktionary also allows for direct influence of the English adjective.[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler's earliest record is Rudolf von Ems' Der guote Gêrhart (1215–1225).[4] Lexer and the revised Grimm dictionary quote Ulrich von dem Türlin (1261/69): englisch harpfen und welisch videln “English harps and Romance fiddles”.[2][3]

Semantic evolution

In Early New High German the adjective described what came from, was made in or was usual in England: cloth, the clergy, the language.[5] Many names of things were formed with it, such as englische Meile in the Middle High German prose Lancelot, der englische Schweiß for the sweating sickness (1536) and die englische Krankheit for rickets (1692).[2] The Duden dictionary explains the name of rickets by its first description in Britain.[6] Engellisch reden “to speak English” is recorded in 1664.[2]

The Grimms complained that the form mixed up the senses “English” and “angelic”.[7] In cooking englisch means “rare”, of meat cooked so that it is still red inside.[6][1]

Timeline

  • 1215–1225 – In Rudolf von Ems' Der guote Gêrhart.[4]
  • 1261/69 – englisch harpfen in Ulrich von dem Türlin.[2]
  • 1536 – der englische Schweiß, the sweating sickness, in an Augsburg chronicle.[2]
  • 1664 – engellisch reden “to speak English” in Duez's dictionary.[2]
  • 1692 – englische Krankheit “rickets”.[2]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. English: relating to England or the English: ein englischer Landschaftsgarten.[6][1] englisches Vollblut, the Thoroughbred horse;[6][1] (dated) die englische Krankheit, rickets.[6][1]
  2. In the English language: Der Vertrag ist englisch abgefasst.[6]
  3. (colloquial) British.[6]
  4. (cooking) rare, still red inside: das Roastbeef englisch braten.[6][1]

Word family

  • Englisch
  • Englischhorn
  • englisieren
  • England

Usage notes

An older adjective englisch “angelic”, Middle High German engelisch, was formed from Engel after Latin angelicus; it is recorded from 1060/65 (the Wiener Genesis) and has been going out of use since the 19th century.[8] It survives in der Englische Gruß, the Hail Mary, after the angel Gabriel's greeting.[8] The Grimms counted the nuns called Englische Fräulein under this word,[7] but the Duden dictionary explains the name by the congregation's founder, the Englishwoman Mary Ward.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm, Neubearbeitung (1965–2018), ed. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 9 vols. (A–F), Leipzig / Stuttgart: Hirzel, p. 8, 1332
  3. ^ a b Lexer, Matthias (1872–1878), Mittelhochdeutsches Handwörterbuch, 3 vols., Leipzig: Hirzel; digital: Wörterbuchnetz, Trier Center for Digital Humanities, p. 1, 558
  4. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling
  5. ^ Anderson, Robert R.; Goebel, Ulrich; Reichmann, Oskar, eds. (1989–), Frühneuhochdeutsches Wörterbuch, Berlin / New York: De Gruyter; FWB-online, fwb-online.de
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Duden. Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache in zehn Bänden (1999), 3rd ed., Mannheim: Dudenverlag
  7. ^ a b Grimm, Jacob; Grimm, Wilhelm (1854–1961), Deutsches Wörterbuch, 16 vols. in 32, Leipzig: Hirzel; digital: Wörterbuchnetz, Trier Center for Digital Humanities, p. 3, 481
  8. ^ a b Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob Grimm und Wilhelm Grimm, Neubearbeitung (1965–2018), ed. Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 9 vols. (A–F), Leipzig / Stuttgart: Hirzel, p. 8, 1331

Related etymologies

  • dass · also from Middle High German
  • nach · also from Middle High German
  • können · also from Middle High German
  • dieser · also from Middle High German
  • bei · also from Middle High German
  • als · also from Middle High German
  • auch · also from Middle High German
  • er · also from Middle High German
Cite this entry

“Englisch.” Etymologically, 20 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/de/englisch. Accessed 20 Oct. 2026.

Last edited on . ·