Russian etymology in numbers
- English
- Latin
- French
- Italian
- Ancient Greek
- German
- Dutch
- Old Church Slavonic
- Aromanian
- Hungarian
- Russian
- Old English
- Biblical Hebrew
- Middle English
- Romanian
Counted from the etymologies of the 123 Russian entries in this dictionary, and recounted every few hours as entries are added. See also Russian words by origin.
Borrowed, inherited or formed
Each entry counted once: as borrowed if its etymology names a language it was taken from, else as inherited, else as formed within Russian.
- Borrowed 7% · 8 taken from another language
- Inherited 92% · 113 passed down from an ancestor of Russian
- Formed in Russian 1% · 1 compounds and derivatives of its own words
- Not traced yet 1% · 1 no etymology links yet
Ultimate origins by language family
Where the 121 traced words end up when their etymologies are followed back as far as they go, from entry to entry, grouped into families and the branches of Indo-European.
- Balto-Slavic 118 · 98% Old East Slavic 110 · Proto-Slavic 6 · Old Church Slavonic 2
- Italic 2 · 2% Italian 1 · French 1
- Germanic 1 · 1% Old English 1
When the words arrived
The 121 entries with a first-attestation date, by century and by the language each was borrowed from.
- Old Church Slavonic
- German
- English
- French
- Old East Slavic
- Inherited or formed
- Not traced
Show as a table
| Century | Old Church Slavonic | German | English | French | Old East Slavic | Inherited or formed | Not traced | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th century | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 11th century | 3 | 1 | 83 | 87 | ||||
| 12th century | 1 | 1 | 13 | 15 | ||||
| 13th century | 9 | 9 | ||||||
| 14th century | 3 | 3 | ||||||
| 15th century | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 16th century | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| 17th century | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| 18th century | 1 | 1 |
Words other languages took from Russian
8 entries of other languages in this dictionary were borrowed from Russian or its earlier stages.
Most prolific roots
The words that the most Russian entries go back to, at the far end of their etymologies.
- 1 Proto-Slavic *i li → или
- 1 Proto-Slavic *mama → мама
- 1 Proto-Slavic *pьzděti → бздеть
- 1 Proto-Slavic *statь → стать
- 1 Proto-Slavic *xodъ → ходить
- 1 Proto-Slavic *žьrtva → жертва
- 1 Old English gese → есть
- 1 French plan → план
- 1 Italian soldato → солдат
- 1 Old East Slavic а → а
- 1 Old East Slavic береза → берёза
- 1 Old East Slavic богъ → бог
- 1 Old East Slavic болого → болого
- 1 Old East Slavic братъ → брат
- 1 Old East Slavic бывати → бывать
Longest journeys
The Russian words whose etymologies pass through the most languages, followed from entry to entry.
- есть 4 languages
Old East Slavic ѣсти ← English yes ← Middle English yes ← Old English gese
- солдат 3 languages
- жертва 2 languages
Old Church Slavonic жрьтва ← Proto-Slavic *žьrtva
- или 2 languages
Old Church Slavonic или ← Proto-Slavic *i li
- стать 2 languages
Old East Slavic стати ← Proto-Slavic *statь
- ходить 2 languages
Old East Slavic ходити ← Proto-Slavic *xodъ