Biblical Hebrew etymology in numbers
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Counted from the etymologies of the 101 Biblical Hebrew entries in this dictionary, and recounted every few hours as entries are added. See also Biblical Hebrew words by origin.
Borrowed, inherited or formed
Each entry counted once: as borrowed if its etymology names a language it was taken from, else as inherited, else as formed within Biblical Hebrew.
- Borrowed 8% · 8 taken from another language
- Inherited 43% · 43 passed down from an ancestor of Biblical Hebrew
- Formed in Biblical Hebrew 13% · 13 compounds and derivatives of its own words
- Not traced yet 37% · 37 no etymology links yet
Ultimate origins by language family
Where the 64 traced words end up when their etymologies are followed back as far as they go, from entry to entry, grouped into families and the branches of Indo-European.
- Afroasiatic 60 · 94% Proto-Semitic 33 · Biblical Hebrew 14 · Proto-West Semitic 8 · Aramaic 2 …
- Indo-Iranian 2 · 3% Sanskrit 1 · Proto-Indo-Aryan 1
- Unclassified 2 · 3% Old Median 1 · Undetermined 1
When the words arrived
The 21 entries with a first-attestation date, by century and by the language each was borrowed from.
- Aramaic
- Inherited or formed
- Not traced
Show as a table
| Century | Aramaic | Inherited or formed | Not traced | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9th century BC | 4 | 4 | ||
| 8th century BC | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| 7th century BC | 4 | 1 | 5 | |
| 6th century BC | 7 | 2 | 9 |
Words other languages took from Biblical Hebrew
22 entries of other languages in this dictionary were borrowed from Biblical Hebrew or its earlier stages.
Most prolific roots
The words that the most Biblical Hebrew entries go back to, at the far end of their etymologies.
- 2 Proto-Semitic *da/ib(a)r- → דבר, דביר
- 1 Proto-Semitic *bayt- → בית
- 1 Proto-Semitic *bin- → בן
- 1 Proto-Semitic *g-n-n → גן
- 1 Proto-Semitic *gamal- → גמל
- 1 Proto-Semitic *gaw(V)y- → גוי
- 1 Proto-Semitic *halak- → הלך
- 1 Proto-Semitic *haway- → היה
- 1 Proto-Semitic *hll → הלל
- 1 Proto-Semitic *kapp- → כף
- 1 Proto-Semitic *kṯr → כשר
- 1 Proto-Semitic *lʔk → מלאך
- 1 Proto-West Semitic *mlk → מלך
- 1 Proto-Semitic *murr- → מר
- 1 Proto-Indo-Aryan *narda- → נרד
Longest journeys
The Biblical Hebrew words whose etymologies pass through the most languages, followed from entry to entry.