apoi

Forms

apoi^[1]

• Other spellings: Wiktionary also has apoia and apoea;^[1] Cunia heads the word apoea, with apoi, apoaea, deapoea and dapoea among its forms, and does not accept the spelling apoia;^[2] Papahagi heads it APÓĬ, APÓĬA;^[3] Pascu heads it Apoia, with apoaia and apoi from P. Papahagi's tales.^[4]
• apoia in Dalametra's and Weigand's spelling,^[5][6] apóia in Mihăileanu's.^[7]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin ad post (“after”),^[3][1][8] from ad (“to”) and post (“after, behind”).^[9][10] Pascu writes the Latin form as *appoe, from ad and a form *poe.^[4] The Latin preposition ad goes back to Proto-Italic *ad and Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed (“to”);^[11] post to *posti (“behind, after”) and *pos(ti) (“after”).^[11]

The word is common to the Eastern Romance languages: Romanian apoi, Megleno-Romanian napoi (also poia) and Istro-Romanian napoi.^[8] Kovačec records Istro-Romanian apói̭ only in comparative phrases such as mai̭ apói̭ (“afterwards; at last”),^[12] and Byhan found it only in Žejane.^[13] Ciorănescu explains the final -i as in Romanian noi (“we”).^[8] Further west the Latin phrase survives in old Italian appo (“behind, after, at”) and old Sardinian appus (“behind”),^[9] and Pascu adds Sicilian appoi.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Pascu quotes the forms diapoia and depoia "then, later" from Boiagi's grammar of 1813.^[4]

Semantic evolution

Papahagi glosses the word "after, then", with the phrase pîn' apóia "in the end".^[3] Cunia defines it as the time that comes after another time and adds the senses "later, further on", with pãnã-apoea "to the end".^[2] Mihăileanu also gives a sense of place, "back, behind": armáse apóia "he stayed behind".^[7] Pascu lists the compounds deapoia, dapoia "then, in the end" and dipriapoia "afterwards, later".^[4]

Timeline

• 1813 – diapoia and depoia in Boiagi's grammar, as cited by Pascu.^[4]
• 1894 – apoia “then” in Weigand's glossary.^[6]
• 1901 – apóia “then; back” in Mihăileanu's dictionary.^[7]
• 1906 – apoia “then, afterwards” in Dalametra's dictionary.^[5]

Meanings

Adverb

1. Then, afterwards, subsequently.^[1][3][2]
2. Later, further on; at the end.^[2][3]
3. (of place) Back, behind.^[7]

Related words

• nãpoi
• Romanian apoi

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 91
3. ^ a b c d e Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 120
4. ^ a b c d e f Pascu, Giorge (1925), Dictionnaire étymologique macédoroumain, 2 vols. (I: Les éléments latins et romans; II: Les éléments grecs, turcs, slaves, albanais, germaniques, magyars, néologismes, créations immédiates, obscurs), Iași: Cultura Națională, p. 1, 139
5. ^ a b Dalametra, I. (1906), Dicționar macedo-român, București: Academia Română, p. 20
6. ^ a b Weigand, Gustav (1894), Die Aromunen: ethnographisch-philologisch-historische Untersuchungen, vol. II: Volksliteratur der Aromunen (with a glossary), Leipzig: J. A. Barth, p. 293
7. ^ a b c d Mihăileanu, Ștefan (1901), Dicționar macedo-român, București, p. 35
8. ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001)
9. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
10. ^ Cihac, A. de (1870), Dictionnaire d'étymologie daco-romane I: Éléments latins comparés avec les autres langues romanes, Frankfurt am Main
11. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
12. ^ Kovačec, August (1998), Istrorumunjsko-hrvatski rječnik (s gramatikom i tekstovima), Pula
13. ^ Byhan, Arthur (1899), Istrorumänisches Glossar, Sechster Jahresbericht des Instituts für rumänische Sprache zu Leipzig: 174–366, p. 187