Etymology and origin of the Romanian word cireș
- Confidence
- Probable
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- 1401 place name in a Slavonic–Romanian document More words from the 15th century
- Inherited from
- Latin *ceresius
- Ultimate origin
- Ancient Greek κέρασος
Forms
cireș m (plural cireși)[1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *ceresius (“cherry tree”), a form of Late Latin cerasius beside Latin cerasus (“cherry tree”).[2][3][4][5][1] DELR writes the etymon cereseus and cites Cihac, Candrea–Densusianu, the DA, the CADE, Graur, Scriban and Hristea for it.[6] The Latin noun is from Ancient Greek κέρασος (kérasos, “bird cherry”), which Beekes takes for an Anatolian or Pre-Greek word, since the improved cherry came from the Pontus.[7]
Graur and Scriban, and Ciorănescu, who lists the word among the derivatives of cireașă, explain it instead as a Romanian formation on the name of the fruit;[6][8][9] Ciorănescu adds that it may also continue the Latin word directly.[6][8][9] The fruit's name comes from Latin ceresea, with the ⟨e⟩ of the middle syllable already found in Late Latin.[6]
The word survives south of the Danube: Aromanian ciresh and Megleno-Romanian cireș.[6][10][11] Ciorănescu gives the Megleno-Romanian form as țireș.[8] Scriban compares Italian ciliegio and Spanish cerezo.[9]
Earliest recorded meaning
The word first appears as the place name Cireș in a document of 1401, and a place name Cireșel follows in 1400–1418.[4][6] As a common noun MDA2 has it first in the Anonymus Caransebesiensis, the Romanian–Latin glossary of about 1650, where it renders Latin “cerasus”.[3][5]
Semantic evolution
The word has kept the sense “cherry tree” throughout and also names its wood: Tiktin translates de cireș as “of cherry wood”.[5][4][12] Folk botany distinguishes the wild cherry, cireș-amar, cireș-de-pădure, cireș-păsăresc or cireș-sălbatic, from the heart cherry, cireș-pietros, and the sweet cultivated forms, cireș-de-Ispas, cireș-dulce or cireș-negru.[13][3] Cireș-de-Bărăgan or cireș-pitic is the dwarf cherry, also called vișinel.[5][14] The phrase a se uita la cineva ca la un cireș copt, “to look at someone as at a ripe cherry tree”, means to gaze with admiration and longing;[5][15] Ispirescu has the emperor gaze so at Ileana Sânziana.[5][15]
Timeline
- 1401 – the place name Cireș, the first record.[6][4]
- c. 1650 – cireș “cherry tree” in the Anonymus Caransebesiensis.[3][5]
- 1801 – ciréșu in Klein's dictionary.[16]
- 1825 – cirešu in the Lexicon de la Buda.[17]
- 1825 – cireșar “cherry seller;[6] June”.[6]
- 1871 – cireșiu “cherry-coloured”.[6]
Meanings
Noun
- cherry tree, the sweet cherry (Prunus avium), a fruit tree with oval leaves and white flowers.[2][3][1]
- The wood of this tree.[5][12]
Word family
- cireșel
Related words
Usage notes
A se uita la cineva ca la un cireș copt means to look at someone with great admiration or longing.[2][3] Cireș is also a surname and the name of rivers in Hunedoara and Vrancea.[1][18]
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 188
- ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 414
- ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. cireș
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. cireș
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2011–), Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române (DELR), vol. I: A–B (2011), vol. II: C (2015–2018), București: Editura Academiei Române; continued online at delr.lingv.ro, p. s.v. cireașă
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b c Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. cireașă
- ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 287
- ^ Cunia, Tiberius (2008), Dictsiunar a limbãljei armãneascã, Editsii Timpurarã (after T. Papahagi, Ș. Mihăileanu and I. Dalametra; online at dixionline.net), p. 309
- ^ Papahagi, Tache (1963), Dicționarul dialectului aromân, general și etimologic, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne
- ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 134
- ^ Panțu, Zach. C. (1929), Plantele cunoscute de poporul român. Vocabular botanic cuprinzând numirile române, franceze, germane și științifice, 2nd ed., București: Editura Casei Școalelor, p. 62
- ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. cireș
- ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 1, 435
- ^ Gáldi, László (ed.) (1944), Samuel Klein: Dictionarium valachico-latinum. Primul dicționar al limbii române, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetemi Román Intézet (Klein's dictionary of 1801, with Gáldi's etymological study), p. 335
- ^ Lesicon românescu-latinescu-ungurescu-nemțescu quare de mai mulți autori, în cursul a trideci și mai multor ani s-au lucrat (1825), Buda: Typographia Universității (the Lexicon of Buda, ed. Petru Maior et al.), p. 124
- ^ Iordan, Iorgu (1983), Dicționar al numelor de familie românești, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 129
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Cireș.” Etymologically, 11 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/cire%C8%99. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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