tratat

Forms

tratat n (plural tratate)^[1] Older texts write tractat, plural tractate or tractaturi: Miron Costin has „au stătut între Hmil și între Zamoischii tractate, adecă legături de pace” “treaties, that is bonds of peace, were made between Khmelnytsky and Zamoyski”.^[2][3]

Etymology

The word for “treaty” is borrowed from Italian trattato according to DEX, Wiktionary and the neologism dictionaries.^[4][1][5] MDA2 and the DLR give it several sources, borrowed from Latin tractātus, German Traktat and French traité, and Tiktin names the Latin, German and Italian words; the older spelling with ⟨ct⟩ points to the Latin and German shape.^[6][3][2] Marcu gives Italian and German after the French model.^[7]

The Latin noun is an action noun of tractō (“to handle, treat”), the frequentative of trahō (“to draw, drag”).^[8][9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Miron Costin's chronicle (1675), where tractate are peace agreements between states.^[2][3]

Semantic evolution

In the 17th and 18th centuries the word meant a treaty or peace negotiations: Nicolae Costin writes of tractate de pace with the Poles.^[2][3] The scholarly sense, a methodical work on a subject, appears in Șincai's chronicle, with the plural tractaturi.^[2] The spelling with -ct- was still usual in the first half of the 19th century, in Bălcescu among others, before the modern tratat.^[3]

Timeline

• 1675 – tractate “peace agreements” in Miron Costin's chronicle.^[2]
• early 18th century – tractate de pace in Nicolae Costin.^[2]
• 1838 – tractatul in the press.^[3]

Meanings

Noun

1. A treaty: a written agreement between two or more states setting their rights and obligations in a field or rules for their relations; an international convention.^[4][1]
2. A treatise: a specialist work setting out the basic principles of a discipline.^[4][7]

Related words

• trata
• Italian trattato

Usage notes

Tratat is also the past participle and adjective of trata “to treat”, meaning “treated”.^[6][1]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. tratat
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. tratat
4. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1140
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. tratat
6. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1261
7. ^ a b Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. tratat
8. ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter
9. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier