Etymology and origin of the Romanian word suferință
- Confidence
- Probable
- Formation
- Derivation
- First attested
- 1783 More words from the 18th century
- Ultimate origin
- Latin sufferō
Pronunciation
- [sufeˈrintsə][1]
Forms
suferință f (plural suferințe)[1] An old and popular plural is suferinți: Eminescu wrote „Căci te iubeam cu ochi păgâni Și plini de suferinți” “for I loved you with pagan eyes full of sufferings”.[2][3]
Etymology
It is formed from Romanian suferi + -ință, the verb “to suffer” with the suffix of abstract nouns.[3][4][1] DEX, DER and Wiktionary add that it was modelled on French souffrance, and Tiktin names Italian sofferenza beside the French word.[4][5][1][6] suferi is from Vulgar Latin *sufferiō, from Latin sufferō (“to bear, endure”).[1][5]
Earlier scholars took the noun straight from Latin: Pușcariu listed it as an inherited word from sufferentia, with the Italian and French words and Occitan sufrensa as cognates, and Scriban and Șăineanu gave the same Latin source.[7][8][9]
Earliest recorded meaning
Tiktin dates the first record to 1783.[6] The first quotation of MDA2 and the DLR is from a Carte trebuincioasă, a prayer that God grant someone suferință și îndelungată răbdare, “endurance and long patience”.[2][3] Tiktin records this old sense, “patience, endurance”, in Budai-Deleanu's Țiganiada.[6]
Semantic evolution
The old sense “endurance, patience” followed the verb suferi “to bear, tolerate”, and Budai-Deleanu also has nesuferință “impatience”.[6] Later quotations, from Bălcescu, Negruzzi, Eminescu and Caragiale on, have the senses “physical or moral pain” and “the state of one who suffers”.[2][4] Medical writing uses it for an ailment of an organ, as in suferință digestivă.[2] The phrase a fi în suferință means “to be in want, to lack something”, and in banking language în suferință means “outstanding, in abeyance” of a claim.[4][2]
Timeline
- 1783 – first record.[6]
- 1905 – Pușcariu lists it as inherited from Latin.[7]
- 1939 – “physical or moral pain” in Scriban, with the phrase a fi în suferință.[8]
Meanings
Noun
- suffering, pain, physical or moral; the state of someone who suffers.[4][3][1]
- An ailment, a disorder of an organ.[2]
- (obsolete) endurance, patience.[6][2]
Related words
- suferi
- suferind
- nesuferit
Usage notes
A fi în suferință means “to be short of something, to be in need”: Proiectul e în suferință din lipsă de bani.[4][10] In banking, a claim în suferință is one not yet paid.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. suferință
- ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1044
- ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1069
- ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. suferi
- ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. suferință
- ^ a b Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 154
- ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1261
- ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 626
- ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 294
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Suferință.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/suferin%C8%9B%C4%83. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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