suc

Forms

suc n (plural sucuri)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French suc, also borrowed from Latin sūcus (“juice, sap”), the sources the dictionaries name together.^{[2][3][4][5][1]} Ciorănescu gives French alone, Tiktin gives Italian succo, and Marcu and Maneca French and Italian, compared with Latin succus.^[6][7][8] The DLR names the Latin and the French word.^[9]

Pușcariu's 1905 dictionary listed the word among the Latin elements of Romanian, which Ciorănescu calls a mistake.^[10][6] The French word is a learned borrowing of 1488 from the Latin noun.^[11] The Latin word has been compared with sūgō (“to suck”); de Vaan reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *souḱ-o- (“juice”) and notes the view that the family was taken from a substrate.^[12][13] Wiktionary suggests that the regional usuc “wool grease” may be the inherited counterpart.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to about 1805, in a work of Gheorghe Șincai.^[7] MDA2 dates it to Budai-Deleanu's Romanian–German lexicon of 1818.^[3]

Semantic evolution

The word came in as a term of botany and medicine: the sap and juices of plants, and the fluids of the body.^[9][8] Mid-19th-century texts speak of the sucuri of plants, some milky and burning.^[9] Costinescu's dictionary of 1870 adds the sense “essence, the best part” of a book, and the sucul pământului that feeds vegetation.^[14] Physiology has suc gastric and suc pancreatic “gastric and pancreatic juice”, grouped as sucuri digestive.^[15][2]

In the 20th century suc also became a fruit juice or soft drink.^[2][3] Wiktionary records the sense “soda”.^[1]

Timeline

• c. 1805 – first record, in a work of Gheorghe Șincai.^[7]
• 1818 – in Budai-Deleanu's lexicon.^[3]
• 1870 – sucŭ “juice, sap; essence” in Costinescu's dictionary.^[14]
• 1886 – suc, plural sucuri, “Saft” in Barcianu's dictionary.^[16]

Meanings

Noun

1. juice: the liquid in plant tissues, above all in fruit, pressed or squeezed out.^[2][1]
2. The sap that circulates through the vessels of a plant.^[2][3]
3. A soft drink made from fruit juice or synthetic flavourings: un suc de portocale “an orange juice”.^[2][1]
4. A fluid secreted by or contained in the body of an animal: sucuri digestive “digestive juices”.^[2]
5. (regional) usuc, the grease of sheep's wool.^[2][15]

Related words

• usca
• usuc
• Latin sūcus

Usage notes

A different, regional suc is an interjection, repeated, used to call lambs; the DLR calls it onomatopoeic and records it from the questionnaires of the 1920s.^[17][3]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1068
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 1040
4. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. suc
5. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. suc
6. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. suc
7. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. suc
8. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. suc
9. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. suc 2
10. ^ Pușcariu, Sextil (1905), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der rumänischen Sprache I: Lateinisches Element, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. 154
11. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. suc
12. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
13. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
14. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 575
15. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 4, 290
16. ^ Barcianu, Sava Popovici (1886), Dicționar român-germân și germân-român, revised by D. P. Barcianu, part I: român-germân, Sibiu: Institut tipografic, p. 620
17. ^ Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. suc 1