sticlă

Forms

sticlă f (plural sticle)^[1] Moldavian and older texts have steclă: in Dosoftei „frângându-să stecla, cursă gios otrava” “the glass broke and the poison ran down”.^[2][3] Regional forms are steglă and știclă.^[4][5] Scriban calls sticlă the western form and steclă the eastern one.^[6]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Old Church Slavonic стькло (stĭklo, “glass”).^[3][4][2][1] The Old Church Slavonic word is from Proto-Slavic *stьklo, itself from Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐌻𐍃 (stikls, “cup, goblet”).^[1][7] The first meaning was the cup, later the material it was made of.^[1] Ciorănescu compares Bulgarian стъкло (stǎklo), Serbo-Croatian staklo and Russian стекло (stekló).^[3] The surname Bulgarian Стиклев (Stiklev) is formed on the Romanian word.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is a Gospel text of 1551–1553, at Matthew 26:7.^[2] Coresi's Tetraevanghel of 1560–1561 has the plural at Matthew 23:25: „curățați de dinafară sticlele și blidele” “you clean the outside of the cups and dishes”.^[4][5][2] In these old texts it is any vessel of glass.^[2]

Semantic evolution

The 17th-century Slavonic–Romanian lexicons use it for the Slavonic words for an alabaster vessel and a glass flask.^[8] The Bible of 1688 uses it four times in the Apocalypse.^[9] Two lines of senses continue: the material, and the things made of it, a bottle above all, but also a lamp glass and a window pane.^[10][4][3] In the plural it means spectacles, as in Caragiale's „cu sticle în ochi”.^[11][3] A clear sky is senin de sticlă “as clear as glass”.^[2]

Stíclă was a personal name by 1567.^[12] The derivatives include sticlar “glassmaker”, sticlărie “glassware” and the verb sticli “to glitter”.^[3]

Timeline

• 1551–1553 – first record, in a Gospel text.^[2]
• 1560–1561 – sticlele “the cups” in Coresi's Tetraevanghel.^[4][5]
• 1567 – Sticla, a personal name.^[12]
• 1649 – in Mardarie's Slavonic–Romanian lexicon.^[8]
• 1688 – four times in the Apocalypse of the Bucharest Bible.^[9]

Meanings

Noun

1. glass: a hard, brittle, usually transparent substance made by melting silicates.^[10][1]
2. An object of glass or a glass part of one: sticlă de lampă “lamp glass”, sticlă de ochelari “spectacle lens”.^[10]
3. A bottle: a tall vessel with a narrow neck for liquids; also its contents: o sticlă de apă “a bottle of water”.^[10][4]
4. (plural, colloquial) Spectacles.^[11][3]

Word family

• sticlar
• sticlărie
• sticli
• sticlos
• sticlui

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. sticlă
3. ^ a b c d e f g Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. sticlă
4. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 988
5. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. sticlă
6. ^ Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1242
7. ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), Ètimologičeskij slovar' russkogo jazyka, transl. and suppl. by O. N. Trubačev, 4 vols., Moskva: Progress
8. ^ a b Ungureanu, Mădălina; Gînsac, Ana-Maria; Moruz, Alexandru (eds.), eRomLex: The First Romanian Bilingual Dictionaries (17th century), Iași: Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza”, https://scriptadacoromanica.ro
9. ^ a b Biblia, adecă Dumnezeiasca Scriptură a ceii vechi și a ceii noao leage, București, 1688 (ed. 1988, tricentennial edition), p. Rev 4:6
10. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 1052
11. ^ a b Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 616
12. ^ a b Constantinescu, N. A. (1963), Dicționar onomastic romînesc, București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne