promovare

Forms

promovare f (plural promovări)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Romanian promova + -re, the long infinitive of the verb, used as a noun for the action and its result.^[1][2][3][4]

The verb is prōmoveō (“to move forward, advance”), a learned loan recorded from 1740;^[2][5] Tiktin calls the source New Latin and allows an indirect route as well.^[2][5] The DLR and the DN compare French promouvoir.^[6][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in a calendar of 1857, in the sense “promotion, advancement in rank”, where it stands beside „recompensia și triumful dat de patrie bravilor” “the reward and triumph given by the country to the brave”.^[8][4]

Semantic evolution

From advancement in office the word passed to the school sense, the passing of a pupil or student into a higher class or year after their results.^[8][4] The DLR also quotes it for the support and furthering of an idea, a science or a plan.^[8] Damé's dictionary of the 1890s glosses it with French promotion.^[9] Advertising has since added the launch campaign of a product.^[10]

Timeline

• 1740 – the verb promova is first recorded.^[5]
• 1857 – promovare “promotion” in a calendar.^[8][4]
• 1893–1895 – Damé's dictionary glosses it with French promotion.^[9]
• 1955–1957 – the DLRLC records the school sense, a pupil's passing into a higher class.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. promotion, advancement to a higher post, rank or office; avansare.^[4][11]
2. The passing of a pupil or student into a higher class or year, or the successful completion of a school year or course of study.^[4][8]
3. The support and furthering of an action, idea or theory so that it progresses.^[4][11]
4. (advertising) A campaign that launches a product on the market.^[10]

Related words

• promova

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 884
3. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. promovare
4. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 567
5. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. promová
6. ^ Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. promova
7. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. promova
8. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. promovare
9. ^ a b Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État, p. 2
10. ^ a b Volceanov, George (2007), Dicționar de argou al limbii române, București: Niculescu, p. s.v. promovare
11. ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 598