programa

Forms

programa (third-person singular present programează, past participle programat), first conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French programmer (“to program”).^{[2][3][4][5][1]} Marcu and Maneca also compare Italian programmare.^[6] The French verb is formed on the noun programme with the verb ending -er.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Legislația economiei planificate (1949), a collection of the laws of the planned economy, where sums are to be repaid „cu excepția lucrărilor programate pe anul 1949” “except for the works scheduled for the year 1949”.^[3][4]

Semantic evolution

The first sense is to organise an activity by a programme or to fix the programme it will follow.^[4][2] The Academy's dictionary of the 1950s already had it, with a quotation from Sadoveanu about work set for Monday.^[7] From it come the senses “to include in a programme”, said for example of a performer, and “to schedule someone for a given date”.^[4][2] The computing sense, to load a program into a computer so that it solves a task, entered with the computer.^[4][2][3]

Timeline

• 1949 – programate “scheduled” in Legislația economiei planificate, the first record.^[3][4]
• 1955–1957 – the Academy's dictionary defines “to fix a programme”.^[7]
• 1962 – teachers au programat “have scheduled” visits to factories, in a newspaper.^[4]
• 1998 – DEX defines the sense of programming a computer.^[8]

Meanings

Verb

1. To plan or organise an activity according to a programme; to fix the schedule it will follow; to include someone or something in a programme.^[2][3]
2. To book someone for a given date, for example for an appointment: M-au programat la dentist joi.^[2][3]
3. To program a computer: to enter a program into it so that it carries out a task.^[2][9]

Word family

• programare

Related words

• program
• programă

Usage notes

The verb is distinct from the noun programă “syllabus”, which DEX and Wiktionary take from Russian программа (programma).^[2][1] In the 19th century programa was itself a feminine noun, “programme”.^[10][11]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 883
3. ^ a b c d e f Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 564
4. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. programa
5. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
6. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
7. ^ a b Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 594
8. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan” (1998), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române, 2nd ed., București: Univers Enciclopedic, p. 856
9. ^ Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional
10. ^ Antonescu, G. M. (1875), Dictionariu romanu-francesu, Bucuresci: Typografia Curții (Lucrători Associați)
11. ^ Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État