programare

Forms

programare f (plural programări)^[1]

Etymology

It is the verbal noun of programa, formed from Romanian programa + -re, the long infinitive used as a noun.^[2][3][4][1] The verb itself is from French programmer, and the dictionary of neologisms also compares Italian programmare.^[2][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

MDA2 and the DLR date the first record to 1949, in the weekly Contemporanul, where the word means the organizing of an activity according to a plan.^[2][6] The verb programa is first recorded in the same year, in a collection of the laws of the planned economy.^[2]

Semantic evolution

The first sense was the planning of activities: the act of setting a programme and the result of it.^[6][2] Applied mathematics uses the word for the methods of solving optimization problems that arise in planning, as in programare liniară “linear programming”.^[6][4] With the spread of electronic computers it came to mean writing the instructions a computer carries out, the sense DEX now gives as its second.^[3][7]

In everyday use the word also names an appointment: being scheduled for a given date to have something done.^[2][1]

Timeline

• 1949 – first record, in Contemporanul, for the planning of an activity.^[2][6]
• 1977 – a wider sense, a too-rigid ordering of a poet's verse, in România literară.^[6]
• 1986 – the neologism dictionary gives the computing sense, the writing of a program for an electronic computer.^[7]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act of programming and its result: planning an activity according to a schedule, or including something in a programme.^[3][2]
2. programming: writing the sequence of instructions that lets a computer solve a given problem.^[3][1]
3. An appointment: the scheduling of a person for a set date to deal with some matter: Am o programare la dentist mâine.^[2][1]
4. (mathematics) The set of methods for solving optimization problems with several variables, as in planning: programare liniară “linear programming”.^[2][4]

Related words

• program
• programabil
• programabilitate
• programatic
• programator

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 564
3. ^ a b c d DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 883
4. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. programare
5. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. programa
6. ^ a b c d e Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. programare
7. ^ a b Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. programare