proiect

Forms

proiect n (plural proiecte)^[1] An old plural proiecturi occurs in Budai-Deleanu: „proiecturile nu i-s coapte” “his projects are not ripe”.^[2][3][4] The older variant proget, from Italian, appears in a newspaper of 1829: „un proget de a se întocmi o soțietate de faceri de bine” “a project to set up a charitable society”.^[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from German Projekt, and at the same time a learned borrowed from Latin prōiectus (“thrown forward”) (DEX, MDA2, the DLR, the neologism dictionaries), with French projet also named as a model (DER, Scriban).^{[5][4][2][6][7][8]} Wiktionary gives German alone, Tiktin Latin, partly through other languages.^[1][3] DER prefers Latin prōiectum and French.^[7] The old spelling ⟨projet⟩ comes from the French word, and ⟨proget⟩ from Italian progetto.^[2]

The German word, recorded from the 17th century, is from New Latin prōiectum, a Latinised form of the French word.^[9] The Latin word is the past participle of Latin prōiciō (“to throw forth”), from prō- and iaciō (“to throw”).^[1][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin's first record is of 1788, in Molnar's German–Romanian grammar.^[3] MDA2's is the Moldavian translation of the history of Charles XII of Sweden (1799), where the king is said to have been firmer in his plans, „mai hotărât în proiecturile sale”.^[4][2]

Semantic evolution

Until the mid-19th century the word was written in several shapes, project (1811), proget (1829), projet in Heliade, with the plural proiecturi; the modern proiect, proiecte prevailed afterwards.^[2][4] The first sense, “plan, intention”, was soon joined by “draft”, above all proiect de lege “bill”, and later by the technical sense, the drawings and calculations for a building or a machine.^[5][4][8] Engineering students' final work is a proiect de diplomă.^[5] The compound proiect-pilot “pilot project” is recorded from 1984.^[11]

Timeline

• 1788 – in Molnar's grammar, the first record.^[3]
• 1799 – proiecturile sale “his plans”, in the translated history of Charles XII.^[4][2]
• 1811 – the spelling project in a document.^[2]
• 1829 – the Italian-shaped proget in a newspaper.^[2]
• 1984 – proiect-pilot “pilot project”.^[11]

Meanings

Noun

1. A plan or intention to undertake, organise or do something: Are multe proiecte pentru vară. “She has a lot of plans for the summer.”^[5][4]
2. The first form of a plan, to be discussed and approved before it takes effect, a draft: proiect de lege “bill”.^[5][4]
3. A technical design drawn up on a given brief, with the calculations, drawings and instructions for building a structure or a machine: proiect de diplomă “graduation project”.^[5][4]

Word family

• anteproiect

Related words

• proiecta
• proiectil
• proiector
• proiecție
• obiect
• subiect
• German Projekt

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. proiect
3. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. proiect
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 565
5. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 883
6. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. proiect
7. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. proiect
8. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1061
9. ^ Kluge, Friedrich; Seebold, Elmar (2011), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 25th ed., Berlin / Boston: De Gruyter, p. 725
10. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, p. 53
11. ^ a b Dimitrescu, Florica (1997), Dicționar de cuvinte recente, 2nd ed., București: Logos (with the 3rd ed., 2013, in CLRE)