procedură

Forms

procedură f (plural proceduri)^[1] Tiktin records an obsolete variant proțedură, and MDA2 lists it as old.^[2][3] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 prints the word in the transitional alphabet as прoчeдꙋ̆ръ.^[4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French procédure, the source DEX, DILF and NODEX give.^[5][6][7][1] Several dictionaries name Latin as well: MDA2 gives Latin procedura beside the French word, Marcu's dictionary of neologisms the French and Latin words, and Tiktin the Latin word alone, as New Latin.^[3][8][2] Scriban and the earlier neologism dictionary compare Italian procedura.^[9][10] Within Romanian the word lines up with from Romanian proceda + -ură, as Wiktionary notes.^[1]

The French noun is formed on procéder (“to proceed”) with the suffix -ure.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1805, in the old form proțedură.^[2] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 defines it as the order and form of proceeding in a court of law.^[4]

Semantic evolution

The word came in as a legal term: Costinescu in 1870 explains it as the way of conducting a lawsuit according to the forms of justice, and lists procedură civilă and procedură criminală after French procédure civile and procédure criminelle.^[11] Șăineanu and Scriban add the acts drawn up before a court.^[12][9] From the law it spread to any set way of doing something, to the branch of law that studies court procedure, and to medical treatments.^[5] Marcu also records senses in medicine, psychology and computing, where a procedure is a routine carried out by a subprogram.^[8]

Timeline

• 1805 – first record, as proțedură.^[2]
• 1848 – procedură “order of proceeding in court” in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.^[4]
• 1870 – procedură civilă and procedură criminală in Costinescu's dictionary.^[11]
• 1939 – Scriban notes that the word is also used for procedeu “method”.^[9]

Meanings

Noun

1. The whole of the acts and formalities carried out by a court or another state body in its work: procedură civilă, procedură penală.^[5][3]
2. (literary) A method, a way of doing something.^[5][7]
3. The branch of law that studies such procedure.^[5][3]
4. (chiefly in the plural) A special treatment given in a clinic or hospital.^[5]
5. (computing) A routine carried out by a subprogram.^[8]

Related words

• proceda
• procedeu
• French procédure

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. procedură
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 557
4. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București
5. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 879
6. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria
7. ^ a b Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. procedură
8. ^ a b c Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
9. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 1056
10. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
11. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 362
12. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 515