proceda

Forms

proceda (third-person singular present procedează, past participle procedat) 1st conjugation^[1] An older variant of the third conjugation, procede, occurs in Hasdeu and Ghica.^[2][3] Maiorescu writes „guvernul … procede în zilele de la 2 până la 8 aprilie 1866 la plebiscitul” “the government proceeded, on 2 to 8 April 1866, to the plebiscite”.^[4] MDA2 labels this variant old and unusual.^[5]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French procéder, the source DEX names, and directly borrowed from Latin prōcēdō (“to go forward”).^[3][6][7] MDA2, the DLR and Tiktin add Italian procedere, so that Romanian dictionaries give it more than one source.^[5][4][8] The Latin verb is formed of prō- (“forward”) and cēdō (“to go”).^[9] The French verb came from Latin in the 13th century and took a special sense in law.^[9]

The same Latin verb survives in Romanian as the inherited purcede, of which this is a learned doublet.^[1][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Tiktin dates the first record to 1742 and glosses the verb with German “vorgehen, verfahren” “to proceed, to act”.^[8] MDA2's first record is Heliade's report of 1833–1835 on the Philharmonic Society, which “proceeded to the election” of its committee: the sense “to pass on to” something.^[5][4]

Semantic evolution

Two senses run side by side from the 19th century on: “to begin, to pass on to”, usually with la and a noun of action (a proceda la alegere, la anchetă), and “to act in a certain way, to use certain means”.^[4][3][5] The first is typical of official and legal language; the DLR quotes it from Maiorescu, Sadoveanu and the notarial law of 1953.^[4] Șăineanu also gives “to come from, to originate in”, a sense MDA2 also records, and in Oltenia it means “to set out”.^[11][5] The impersonal reflexive s-a procedat la “it was proceeded to” appears in the DLR's quotations.^[4]

Timeline

• 1742 – the first record Tiktin cites.^[8]
• 1833–1835 – a procedat la alegerea in Heliade's report, MDA2's first record.^[5][4]
• 1866 – the variant procede in Maiorescu.^[4]
• 1929 – Șăineanu lists the senses “to originate”, “to take legal steps” and “to act”.^[11]

Meanings

Verb

1. (intransitive) To act in a certain way, to use certain means to carry something out: Trebuie să procedăm cu grijă.^[3][5]
2. (intransitive, with la) To proceed to, to begin something: Comisia a procedat la numărarea voturilor..^[3][1]
3. (dated) To come from, to originate in.^[5][11]

Related words

• purcede
• procedeu
• procedură
• proces

Usage notes

The pool's spelling procede is the old variant of the third conjugation; the standard verb is proceda, present procedez.^[3][5]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 587
3. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 879
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. procedá
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 557
6. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. proceda
7. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. proceda
8. ^ a b c Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. procedá
9. ^ a b Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
10. ^ Graur, Alexandru (1980), Cuvinte înrudite, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică
11. ^ a b c Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 515