orfelinat

Forms

orfelinat n (plural orfelinate)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French orphelinat (“orphanage”), as every dictionary that gives an etymology agrees.^{[2][3][4][5][6][1]} The French word is formed from orphelin (“orphan”) with the suffix -at.^[1] Within Romanian it can be read as orfelin with the suffix -at, but Wiktionary gives that only as a surface analysis.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record MDA2 gives is in Damé's Romanian–French dictionary of 1893–1895, which glosses it with French orphelinat and gives the plural orfelinate.^[2][7][6]

Semantic evolution

The word has kept the one sense it was borrowed with: a charitable institution where orphaned children are raised.^[6][3] Dictionaries of the 1950s to the 1980s label it as belonging to the past, an institution of former times, and DN adds poor children to the orphans.^[8][9][4] DEX 2009 defines it again as a present-day institution of social care.^[3] NODEX adds the building that houses the institution as a second sense.^[10]

Timeline

• 1893 – first record, in Damé's Romanian–French dictionary.^[2][7]
• 1929 – Șăineanu defines it as a charitable home for raising orphans.^[11]
• 1931 – CADE marks it as a recent French loan.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. An orphanage: an institution of social care where orphaned children are raised and educated.^[3][10]
2. The building that houses such an institution.^[10]

Related words

• orfan
• French orphelinat

Usage notes

The plural is orfelinate;^[3][4] DN also allows orfelinaturi.^[3][4]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 223
3. ^ a b c d e f DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 749
4. ^ a b c d Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România
5. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual
6. ^ a b c Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. orfelinat
7. ^ a b Damé, Frédéric (1893–1895), Nouveau dictionnaire roumain-français, 4 vols., Bucarest: Imprimerie de l'État
8. ^ Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 281
9. ^ Breban, Vasile (1980), Dicționar al limbii române contemporane de uz curent, București: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică
10. ^ a b c Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional
11. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 1, 448
12. ^ Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească