Etymology and origin of the Romanian word oribil
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Borrowing
- First attested
- 1847 Heliade Rădulescu's translation of Byron's Don Juan More words from the 19th century
- Borrowed from
- French horrible
- Ultimate origin
- Latin horreō
Etymology tree
From the same root
Forms
oribil m or n (feminine singular oribilă, masculine plural oribili, feminine/neuter plural oribile)[1] The first records spell it with a double ⟨rr⟩: Heliade Rădulescu wrote „O tăcere orribilă domnea” “A horrible silence reigned” in 1847, and Negulici's dictionary of 1848 has the headword orribil.[2][3] An obsolete variant oribile is recorded in Aristia.[2][4]
Etymology
It is borrowed from French horrible and also borrowed from Latin horribilis (“dreadful, terrifying”), a neologism with two sources, as the dictionaries give it.[5][2][4][6][7] Marcu and Maneca compare Italian orribile as well, and Scriban gives only the Latin word.[8][9] The Latin adjective is formed from horreō (“to bristle, shudder”) with the suffix -bilis.[10][1] The French word comes from Old French horrible, itself taken from Latin.[1]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is Heliade Rădulescu's translation of Byron's Don Juan (1847), with „o tăcere orribilă” “a horrible silence”.[2][4] Negulici's dictionary of neologisms (1848) explains orribil as “which causes horror; dreadful, frightening”.[3]
Semantic evolution
The word kept its first sense, “inspiring horror or disgust”, in 19th-century prose: Ghica wrote of „scene oribile, neomenoase și bestiale” “horrible, inhuman and bestial scenes”.[2] From there it weakened to “very ugly” and “very bad”: Scriban cites timp oribil “awful weather” and poezii oribile “very poor poems”.[9] It is also used as an adverb and, rarely, as a noun, oribilul “the horrible”.[2]
Timeline
- 1847 – orribilă in Heliade Rădulescu's Don Juan, the first record.[2][4]
- 1848 – orribil in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.[3]
- 1870 – Costinescu's dictionary still spells it orribilŭ.[11]
Meanings
Adjective
- horrible: causing oroare or disgust; dreadful, hideous.[5][1]
- Very ugly or very bad: vreme oribilă “awful weather”.[5][9]
Adverb
Related words
- oroare
- oripilant
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. oribil
- ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. orribil
- ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 225
- ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 751
- ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. oribil
- ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. oribil
- ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. oribil
- ^ a b c d Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 910
- ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 219
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Oribil.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/oribil. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.
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