Etymologically

Etymology and origin of the Romanian word oribil

Confidence
Established
Formation
Borrowing
First attested
1847 Heliade Rădulescu's translation of Byron's Don Juan More words from the 19th century
Borrowed from
French horrible
Ultimate origin
Latin horreō
Etymology tree
inherited borrowed derived
Latin horreō
Latin horribilis
French horrible
Romanian oribil
Italian orribile
Spanish horrible
The word's journey
From the same root
Latin abhorreō ← horreō
Latin horrendus ← horreō
Latin horrens ← horreō
Latin horrēscō ← horreō
Latin horridus ← horreō
Latin horrifer ← horreō
Latin horrificus ← horreō
Latin horror ← horreō

Forms

oribil m or n (feminine singular oribilă, masculine plural oribili, feminine/neuter plural oribile)[1] The first records spell it with a double ⟨rr⟩: Heliade Rădulescu wrote „O tăcere orribilă domnea” “A horrible silence reigned” in 1847, and Negulici's dictionary of 1848 has the headword orribil.[2][3] An obsolete variant oribile is recorded in Aristia.[2][4]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French horrible and also borrowed from Latin horribilis (“dreadful, terrifying”), a neologism with two sources, as the dictionaries give it.[5][2][4][6][7] Marcu and Maneca compare Italian orribile as well, and Scriban gives only the Latin word.[8][9] The Latin adjective is formed from horreō (“to bristle, shudder”) with the suffix -bilis.[10][1] The French word comes from Old French horrible, itself taken from Latin.[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is Heliade Rădulescu's translation of Byron's Don Juan (1847), with „o tăcere orribilă” “a horrible silence”.[2][4] Negulici's dictionary of neologisms (1848) explains orribil as “which causes horror; dreadful, frightening”.[3]

Semantic evolution

The word kept its first sense, “inspiring horror or disgust”, in 19th-century prose: Ghica wrote of „scene oribile, neomenoase și bestiale” “horrible, inhuman and bestial scenes”.[2] From there it weakened to “very ugly” and “very bad”: Scriban cites timp oribil “awful weather” and poezii oribile “very poor poems”.[9] It is also used as an adverb and, rarely, as a noun, oribilul “the horrible”.[2]

Timeline

  • 1847 – orribilă in Heliade Rădulescu's Don Juan, the first record.[2][4]
  • 1848 – orribil in Negulici's dictionary of neologisms.[3]
  • 1870 – Costinescu's dictionary still spells it orribilŭ.[11]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. horrible: causing oroare or disgust; dreadful, hideous.[5][1]
  2. Very ugly or very bad: vreme oribilă “awful weather”.[5][9]

Adverb

  1. horribly: in a horrible way.[2][9]
  • oroare
  • oripilant

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. oribil
  3. ^ a b c Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. orribil
  4. ^ a b c d Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 225
  5. ^ a b c DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 751
  6. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. oribil
  7. ^ Costăchescu, Adriana; Dincă, Daniela; Dragoste, Ramona; Popescu, Mihaela; Scurtu, Gabriela (2009–2010), Dicționar de împrumuturi lexicale din limba franceză (DILF), 2 vols., Craiova: Universitaria, p. s.v. oribil
  8. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. oribil
  9. ^ a b c d Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 910
  10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  11. ^ Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 219

Related etymologies

  • cap · also from French
  • dura · also from French
  • pur · also from French
  • pană · also from French
  • pat · also from French
  • masă · also from French
  • lac · also from French
  • primar · also from French
Cite this entry

“Oribil.” Etymologically, 12 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/ro/oribil. Accessed 12 Nov. 2026.

Last edited on . ·