ordin

Forms

ordin n (plural ordine)^[1] An older plural ordinuri occurs in 1833: „Să dau ordinuri pentru slobozirea banilor” “that I give orders for the release of the money”.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin ordo (“row, rank, order”), whose oblique stem is ⟨ordin-⟩, together with Italian ordine.^[3][2][1] MDA2 and the DLR name Latin, Italian and French ordre;^[3][2] DEX 2009 names Latin and French,^[4] Tiktin Latin and Italian,^[5] and Ciorănescu Italian alone.^[6] Wiktionary gives Italian and Latin,^[1] and Gabinschi classes it as a Latin–Italian loan.^[7] Scriban took it from French, refashioned after the Latin and Italian forms.^[8]

It is a doublet of ordine, which came into Romanian from the same Latin word in the 19th century.^[6][7][1] The Latin noun was inherited in Romance: its descendants include Aromanian urdini and Spanish orden.^[9][10] It is apparently related to ordior (“to lay the warp; to begin”) and was first a weaving term.^[11] De Vaan considers a link with Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“to fit together”) attractive, with a ⟨d⟩-extension not otherwise found for this root.^[12][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is a document of 1771 published in the Uricariul collection, in the sense “command”: „Ne-au adus ordin de la măria sa ghindral” “they brought us an order from his lordship the general”.^[2][3][5]

Semantic evolution

The sense “command” came first.^[2][5] Negulici's dictionary of neologisms (1848) still has ordin, ordine as a single neuter noun meaning both “arrangement” and “command”.^[13] Costinescu (1870) lists a class of a state or corporation, rank, a religious or knightly order, its decoration, and a command from a superior.^[14] CADE (1931) adds the order of zoology and botany and the architectural orders.^[15]

As the two forms separated, ordin kept command, decoration, religious order and rank, and ordine sequence and orderliness.^[7][4] Scriban recommended ordin for rank and kind (un orator de primul ordin, același ordin de idei) and not ordine.^[8] The old sense “good order, rule” survives in the dictionaries only as obsolete.^[4][3]

Timeline

• 1771 – ordin “command”, the first record.^[2][3][5]
• 1833 – the plural ordinuri in the official Buletin.^[2]
• 1848 – Negulici lists ordin, ordine with the senses “arrangement” and “command”.^[13]
• 1870 – Costinescu records the senses “class”, “religious or knightly order” and “decoration”.^[14]
• 1931 – CADE records the senses in zoology, botany and architecture.^[15]

Meanings

Noun

1. An order or command, written or spoken, given by an authority;^[4][3][1] la ordinele cuiva “at someone's disposal”, sub ordinele cuiva “under someone's command”, La ordin! “at your service”.^[4][3][1]
2. A document containing a binding instruction: ordin de zi “order of the day” to a military unit, ordin de chemare “call-up papers”, ordin de serviciu “official assignment”, ordin de plată “payment order”.^[4][3]
3. A decoration ranking above a medal.^[4][3]
4. (biology) A rank of classification below the class and above the family.^[4][3][1]
5. (architecture) A system of proportioned elements that defines the classical styles, such as the Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders.^[4][8]
6. A monastic community, especially a Catholic one; also a medieval order of knights.^[4][3][1]
7. Rank, category: de prim ordin “first-rate”, de ordin practic “of a practical kind”.^[4][3]
8. (obsolete) Good order, rule.^[4][3]

Related words

• ordinal
• ordinar
• ordona
• urdina
• ordine
• Latin ordo

Usage notes

The plural of ordin is ordine, the same form as the singular of the feminine ordine “order, sequence”, whose plural is ordini.^[4] MDA2 also records the old variants ord and orden and an occasional plural ordini.^[3]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. ordin
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 222
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 749
5. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ordin
6. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ordin
7. ^ a b c Gabinschi, Marcu (2001), Dicționar de dublete etimologice ale limbii române, 2nd ed., Chișinău: Litera, p. 135
8. ^ a b c Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 908
9. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
10. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
11. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
12. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
13. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București
14. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 213
15. ^ a b Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. ordin