ordine

Forms

ordine f (plural ordini)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin ordo (“row, rank, order”), taken in its accusative form ⟨ordinem⟩, together with Italian ordine.^[2][1] The DLR, MDA2 and Tiktin give Latin alone,^[3][4][5] DEX 2009 and the neologism dictionaries Latin and Italian.^[2][6] Wiktionary takes it from Italian or directly from Latin,^[1] and Scriban named French ordre and Latin.^[7] Ciorănescu dates the Latin loan to the 19th century.^[8]

It is a doublet of ordin.^[8][1] Gabinschi explains the feminine form, borrowed from the same sources, as Italian, taken over to keep its senses apart from those of the neuter noun.^[9] The Latin noun is apparently related to ordior (“to lay the warp; to begin”) and was first a weaving term.^[10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Negulici's dictionary of neologisms (1848) has ordin, ordine as one neuter noun, explained as rânduială “arrangement” and poruncă “command”.^[11] Tiktin's first record of the feminine ordine is from 1851, and MDA2's from 1852, in a translated health manual, in the sense “sequence”.^[5][4][3]

Semantic evolution

Pontbriant (1862) gives ordine, plural ordini, for French ordre “arrangement” and also “command”.^[12] From “sequence, arrangement” the word passed to orderliness and smooth working, discipline, and the order of a society or state.^[2][4] The DLR's quotations show the set phrases: ordine de bătaie “battle order” in Maiorescu, ordinea de zi “agenda” and la ordinea zilei “topical” in Caragiale.^[3] Tiktin quotes Eminescu: „contra ordinii-mbrăcate” “against the order dressed up”.^[5]

The senses “rank” and “command”, now expressed by ordin, are obsolete in ordine.^[4][1] Scriban objected to ordine in the sense “rank, kind”.^[7]

Timeline

• 1848 – Negulici lists ordin, ordine with the senses “arrangement” and “command”.^[11]
• 1851 – the first record of the feminine ordine.^[5]
• 1852 – ordine “sequence” in a translated health manual.^[4][3]
• 1862 – Pontbriant gives the plural ordini.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. Regular succession in space, time or logic; arrangement, sequence: ordine alfabetică “alphabetical order”;^{[2][4][13][1]} ordine de zi “agenda”;^{[2][4][13][1]} la ordinea zilei “topical, in the news”;^{[2][4][13][1]} (dated) ordine de bătaie “battle order”.^{[2][4][13][1]}
2. Tidiness, things being where they belong; by extension, smooth working, discipline: în ordine “as it should be, all right”;^[2][4][1] a chema pe cineva la ordine “to call someone to order”.^[2][4][1]
3. A principle of cause or purpose in the world, a law of nature.^[2]
4. Social, political or economic organisation; regime; in particular, social stability: ordine publică “public order”.^[2][4][1]
5. (obsolete) Rank; command, the senses now expressed by ordin.^[4][1]

Related words

• ordin
• ordona
• dezordine
• urdina
• Latin ordo

Usage notes

The plural is ordini, which the DLRLC marks as rare;^[2][14] ordine is also the plural of the neuter ordin “command”.^[2][14] The DN and the DLRLC still treat ordin as a variant of ordine.^[15][14]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m DEX (2009), Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române [Explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language], Bucharest: Editura Univers Enciclopedic, p. 749
3. ^ a b c d Academia Română (1965–2010), Dicționarul limbii române (DLR), serie nouă, tom I–XIX, București: Editura Academiei Române, p. s.v. ordine
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 2, 222
5. ^ a b c d Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. ordine
6. ^ Marcu, Florin (2000), Marele dicționar de neologisme, București: Saeculum Vizual, p. s.v. ordine
7. ^ a b Scriban, August (1939), Dicționaru limbii românești (etimologii, înțelesuri, exemple, citațiuni, arhaizme, neologizme, provincializme), Iași: Presa Bună, p. 908
8. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. ordin
9. ^ Gabinschi, Marcu (2001), Dicționar de dublete etimologice ale limbii române, 2nd ed., Chișinău: Litera, p. 135
10. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
11. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București
12. ^ a b Pontbriant, Raoul de (1862), Dictiunaru romano-francesu, Bucuresci: A. Ulrich / Göttingen: Dieterich, p. 514
13. ^ a b c d Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. ordine
14. ^ a b c Macrea, Dimitrie; Petrovici, Emil (coord.) (1955–1957), Dicționarul limbii romîne literare contemporane, 4 vols., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Populare Romîne, p. 3, 280
15. ^ Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. ordine