logică

Forms

logică f (plural logici)^[1] The old form is loghică: Dosoftei says of a saint that he had learned „toată ritorica și loghica” “all rhetoric and logic”.^[2][3][4]

Etymology

The old form with ⟨gh⟩ is borrowed from Modern Greek λογική (logikí), which Ciorănescu dates to the 18th century, though Dosoftei already used it in the 1680s.^[5][4] The modern form is a second loan, borrowed from French logique.^[5][1][6] MDA2 and the neologism dictionaries add Latin logica and Italian logica as further models, and MDA2 also German Logik;^[4][7][2] Tiktin names the Greek or Latin word, partly through other languages.^[4][7][2]

The French word comes from the Latin one, itself from Ancient Greek λογική (logikḗ), the feminine of λογικός (logikós, “of reason, of speech”) (supply τέχνη (tékhnē, “art”)), from λόγος (lógos, “word, reason”).^[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is in Dosoftei's Viața și petrecerea sfinților (1682–1686), in the form loghică and the sense of the school discipline: a saint had learned “all rhetoric and logic”.^[4][2][3] Tiktin dates the passage 1683.^[2]

Semantic evolution

In the old texts it was the name of a discipline of the schools, taught beside rhetoric and metaphysics.^[3] Negulici's dictionary of 1848 defined it as the art of thinking and reasoning correctly, and Costinescu (1870) as the science that teaches that art.^[9][10]

From the science the word passed to a book on it, then to a person's power of reasoning and to the inner coherence of an argument or a train of ideas.^[11][12] It also came to mean the natural ground or reason of a thing, and the branches of the science got names such as logică matematică “mathematical logic”.^[7][4]

Timeline

• 1682–1686 – loghică in Dosoftei's Lives of the Saints, the first record (1683 in Tiktin).^[4][2]
• 1848 – logică “the art of reasoning correctly” in Negulici's dictionary.^[9]
• 1870 – Costinescu defines it as the science of reasoning.^[10]
• 1931 – CADE lists the senses “book of logic”, “ability to reason” and “train of ideas”.^[12]

Meanings

Noun

1. logic: the science of the forms and laws of correct thinking; also the school subject and a textbook of it.^[4][6][1]
2. Sound reasoning, consistent and well-founded thinking: Argumentul lui are logică.^[7][6]
3. A way of reasoning peculiar to someone or something: logica copiilor.^[6][12]
4. The natural ground or rationale of something.^[7][6]

Word family

• logic

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Tiktin, Hariton (2000–2005), Rumänisch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., revised by Paul Miron and Elsa Lüder, 3 vols., Cluj-Napoca: Clusium, p. s.v. logică
3. ^ a b c Academia Română (1913–1949), Dicționarul limbii române (DA), ed. Sextil Pușcariu, tom I (A–B, C, D–De) and tom II (F–I, J–Lojniță), București: Socec / Universul / Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului; page scans at cflr-scans.solirom.ro, p. s.v. logică
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2010), Micul dicționar academic, 2nd ed., 4 vols., București: Univers Enciclopedic Gold, p. 1, 1387
5. ^ a b Ciorănescu, Alexandru (1958–1966), Diccionario etimológico rumano, La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna (Romanian ed.: Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, București: Saeculum, 2001), p. s.v. logică
6. ^ a b c d e Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică „Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti” (2002), Noul dicționar explicativ al limbii române, București: Litera Internațional, p. s.v. logică
7. ^ a b c d e Marcu, Florin; Maneca, Constant (1986), Dicționar de neologisme, 3rd ed., București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, p. s.v. logică
8. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
9. ^ a b Negulici, I. D. (1848), Vocabular romînesc de toate vorbele streine întroduse pînă acum în limba romînească și de toate cuvintele ce s-ar mai putea introduce încă, București, p. s.v. logică
10. ^ a b Costinescu, Ion (1870), Vocabularu romano-francesu, 2 vols., Bucuresci, p. 2, 45
11. ^ Șăineanu, Lazăr (1929), Dicționar universal al limbei române, 6th ed., Craiova: Scrisul Românesc, p. 369
12. ^ a b c Candrea, I.-A.; Adamescu, Gh. (1926–1931), Dicționarul enciclopedic ilustrat „Cartea Românească”, București: Cartea Românească, p. s.v. logică